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The Influence of Isoflurane Anaesthesia on the Rat Grimace Scale
Over 234,000 rats were used in regulated procedures in the UK in 2014, many of which may have resulted in some degree of pain. When using animals in research, there is an ethical and legal responsibility to alleviate or at least reduce pain to an absolute minimum. To do this, we must be able to effe...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5114010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27855184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166652 |
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author | Miller, Amy L. Golledge, Huw D. R. Leach, Matthew C. |
author_facet | Miller, Amy L. Golledge, Huw D. R. Leach, Matthew C. |
author_sort | Miller, Amy L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Over 234,000 rats were used in regulated procedures in the UK in 2014, many of which may have resulted in some degree of pain. When using animals in research, there is an ethical and legal responsibility to alleviate or at least reduce pain to an absolute minimum. To do this, we must be able to effectively assess pain in an accurate and timely manner. The Rat Grimace Scale (RGS) is a pain assessment tool, which is suggested to be both accurate and rapid in pain assessment. Many procedures involve the use of general anaesthesia. To date, the effects of anaesthesia on the RGS have not been assessed, limiting its potential utility for assessing pain following anaesthesia. Forty-eight Lister hooded rats were used in this study (24 in part A and 24 in a separate part B). Rats were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups in part A; short duration isoflurane exposure, short duration control exposure (air) and one of two treatment groups in part B; surgical duration isoflurane exposure or surgical duration control exposure (oxygen). Rats were placed into an anaesthetic induction chamber and isoflurane, or control gas piped into the chamber for either 4 (short duration exposure) or 12 minutes (surgical duration exposure). Following recovery, photographs of the rats’ faces were taken and then scored blindly using the RGS. Short duration isoflurane anaesthesia had no effect on RGS scores. However, when rats are anaesthetised for a longer duration, akin to a simple routine surgical procedure, the RGS score increases significantly and this increase remains on repeated exposure to this duration of anaesthesia over a 4-day period. This should be accounted for when using the RGS to assess pain in rats in the immediate time period following procedures involving the use of isoflurane anaesthesia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5114010 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51140102016-12-08 The Influence of Isoflurane Anaesthesia on the Rat Grimace Scale Miller, Amy L. Golledge, Huw D. R. Leach, Matthew C. PLoS One Research Article Over 234,000 rats were used in regulated procedures in the UK in 2014, many of which may have resulted in some degree of pain. When using animals in research, there is an ethical and legal responsibility to alleviate or at least reduce pain to an absolute minimum. To do this, we must be able to effectively assess pain in an accurate and timely manner. The Rat Grimace Scale (RGS) is a pain assessment tool, which is suggested to be both accurate and rapid in pain assessment. Many procedures involve the use of general anaesthesia. To date, the effects of anaesthesia on the RGS have not been assessed, limiting its potential utility for assessing pain following anaesthesia. Forty-eight Lister hooded rats were used in this study (24 in part A and 24 in a separate part B). Rats were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups in part A; short duration isoflurane exposure, short duration control exposure (air) and one of two treatment groups in part B; surgical duration isoflurane exposure or surgical duration control exposure (oxygen). Rats were placed into an anaesthetic induction chamber and isoflurane, or control gas piped into the chamber for either 4 (short duration exposure) or 12 minutes (surgical duration exposure). Following recovery, photographs of the rats’ faces were taken and then scored blindly using the RGS. Short duration isoflurane anaesthesia had no effect on RGS scores. However, when rats are anaesthetised for a longer duration, akin to a simple routine surgical procedure, the RGS score increases significantly and this increase remains on repeated exposure to this duration of anaesthesia over a 4-day period. This should be accounted for when using the RGS to assess pain in rats in the immediate time period following procedures involving the use of isoflurane anaesthesia. Public Library of Science 2016-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC5114010/ /pubmed/27855184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166652 Text en © 2016 Miller et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Miller, Amy L. Golledge, Huw D. R. Leach, Matthew C. The Influence of Isoflurane Anaesthesia on the Rat Grimace Scale |
title | The Influence of Isoflurane Anaesthesia on the Rat Grimace Scale |
title_full | The Influence of Isoflurane Anaesthesia on the Rat Grimace Scale |
title_fullStr | The Influence of Isoflurane Anaesthesia on the Rat Grimace Scale |
title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Isoflurane Anaesthesia on the Rat Grimace Scale |
title_short | The Influence of Isoflurane Anaesthesia on the Rat Grimace Scale |
title_sort | influence of isoflurane anaesthesia on the rat grimace scale |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5114010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27855184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166652 |
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