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Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle
PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that both post-exercise and passive cold water immersion (CWI) increases PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. METHOD: Study 1 Nine males completed an intermittent running protocol (8 × 3-min bouts at 90 % [Formula: see text] , interspersed with...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5118413/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27699485 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3480-1 |
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author | Joo, C. H. Allan, R. Drust, B. Close, G. L. Jeong, T. S. Bartlett, J. D. Mawhinney, C. Louhelainen, J. Morton, J. P. Gregson, Warren |
author_facet | Joo, C. H. Allan, R. Drust, B. Close, G. L. Jeong, T. S. Bartlett, J. D. Mawhinney, C. Louhelainen, J. Morton, J. P. Gregson, Warren |
author_sort | Joo, C. H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that both post-exercise and passive cold water immersion (CWI) increases PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. METHOD: Study 1 Nine males completed an intermittent running protocol (8 × 3-min bouts at 90 % [Formula: see text] , interspersed with 3-min active recovery (1.5-min at 25 % and 1.5-min at 50 % [Formula: see text] ) before undergoing CWI (10 min at 8 °C) or seated rest (CONT) in a counterbalanced, randomised manner. Study 2 Ten males underwent an identical CWI protocol under passive conditions. RESULTS: Study 1 PGC-1α mRNA increased in CONT (~3.4-fold; P < 0.001) and CWI (~5.9-fold; P < 0.001) at 3 h post-exercise with a greater increase observed in CWI (P < 0.001). VEGFtotal mRNA increased after CWI only (~2.4-fold) compared with CONT (~1.1-fold) at 3 h post-exercise (P < 0.01). Study 2 Following CWI, PGC-1α mRNA expression was significantly increased ~1.3-fold (P = 0.001) and 1.4-fold (P = 0.0004) at 3 and 6 h, respectively. Similarly, VEGF165 mRNA was significantly increased in CWI ~1.9-fold (P = 0.03) and 2.2-fold (P = 0.009) at 3 and 6 h post-immersion. CONCLUSIONS: Data confirm post-exercise CWI augments the acute exercise-induced expression of PGC-1α mRNA in human skeletal muscle compared to exercise per se. Additionally CWI per se mediates the activation of PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. Cold water may therefore enhance the adaptive response to acute exercise. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5118413 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51184132016-12-06 Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle Joo, C. H. Allan, R. Drust, B. Close, G. L. Jeong, T. S. Bartlett, J. D. Mawhinney, C. Louhelainen, J. Morton, J. P. Gregson, Warren Eur J Appl Physiol Original Article PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that both post-exercise and passive cold water immersion (CWI) increases PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. METHOD: Study 1 Nine males completed an intermittent running protocol (8 × 3-min bouts at 90 % [Formula: see text] , interspersed with 3-min active recovery (1.5-min at 25 % and 1.5-min at 50 % [Formula: see text] ) before undergoing CWI (10 min at 8 °C) or seated rest (CONT) in a counterbalanced, randomised manner. Study 2 Ten males underwent an identical CWI protocol under passive conditions. RESULTS: Study 1 PGC-1α mRNA increased in CONT (~3.4-fold; P < 0.001) and CWI (~5.9-fold; P < 0.001) at 3 h post-exercise with a greater increase observed in CWI (P < 0.001). VEGFtotal mRNA increased after CWI only (~2.4-fold) compared with CONT (~1.1-fold) at 3 h post-exercise (P < 0.01). Study 2 Following CWI, PGC-1α mRNA expression was significantly increased ~1.3-fold (P = 0.001) and 1.4-fold (P = 0.0004) at 3 and 6 h, respectively. Similarly, VEGF165 mRNA was significantly increased in CWI ~1.9-fold (P = 0.03) and 2.2-fold (P = 0.009) at 3 and 6 h post-immersion. CONCLUSIONS: Data confirm post-exercise CWI augments the acute exercise-induced expression of PGC-1α mRNA in human skeletal muscle compared to exercise per se. Additionally CWI per se mediates the activation of PGC-1α and VEGF mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. Cold water may therefore enhance the adaptive response to acute exercise. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016-10-03 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC5118413/ /pubmed/27699485 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3480-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Joo, C. H. Allan, R. Drust, B. Close, G. L. Jeong, T. S. Bartlett, J. D. Mawhinney, C. Louhelainen, J. Morton, J. P. Gregson, Warren Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle |
title | Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle |
title_full | Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle |
title_fullStr | Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle |
title_full_unstemmed | Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle |
title_short | Passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments PGC-1α and VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle |
title_sort | passive and post-exercise cold-water immersion augments pgc-1α and vegf expression in human skeletal muscle |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5118413/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27699485 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3480-1 |
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