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Ethnoagroforestry: integration of biocultural diversity for food sovereignty in Mexico

BACKGROUND: Documenting the spectrum of ecosystem management, the roles of forestry and agricultural biodiversity, TEK, and human culture for food sovereignty, are all priority challenges for contemporary science and society. Ethnoagroforestry is a research approach that provides a theoretical frame...

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Autores principales: Moreno-Calles, Ana Isabel, Casas, Alejandro, Rivero-Romero, Alexis Daniela, Romero-Bautista, Yessica Angélica, Rangel-Landa, Selene, Fisher-Ortíz, Roberto Alexander, Alvarado-Ramos, Fernando, Vallejo-Ramos, Mariana, Santos-Fita, Dídac
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5120568/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27881142
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0127-6
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author Moreno-Calles, Ana Isabel
Casas, Alejandro
Rivero-Romero, Alexis Daniela
Romero-Bautista, Yessica Angélica
Rangel-Landa, Selene
Fisher-Ortíz, Roberto Alexander
Alvarado-Ramos, Fernando
Vallejo-Ramos, Mariana
Santos-Fita, Dídac
author_facet Moreno-Calles, Ana Isabel
Casas, Alejandro
Rivero-Romero, Alexis Daniela
Romero-Bautista, Yessica Angélica
Rangel-Landa, Selene
Fisher-Ortíz, Roberto Alexander
Alvarado-Ramos, Fernando
Vallejo-Ramos, Mariana
Santos-Fita, Dídac
author_sort Moreno-Calles, Ana Isabel
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Documenting the spectrum of ecosystem management, the roles of forestry and agricultural biodiversity, TEK, and human culture for food sovereignty, are all priority challenges for contemporary science and society. Ethnoagroforestry is a research approach that provides a theoretical framework integrating socio-ecological disciplines and TEK. We analyze in this study general types of Agroforestry Systems of México, in which peasants, small agriculturalist, and indigenous people are the main drivers of AFS and planning of landscape diversity use. We analyzed the actual and potential contribution of ethnoagroforestry for maintaining diversity of wild and domesticated plants and animals, ecosystems, and landscapes, hypothesizing that ethnoagroforestry management forms may be the basis for food sufficiency and sovereignty in Mexican communities, regions and the whole nation. METHODS: We conducted research and systematization of information on Mexican AFS, traditional agriculture, and topics related to food sovereignty from August 2011 to May 2015. We constructed the database Ethnoagroforestry based on information from our own studies, other databases, Mexican and international specialized journals in agroforestry and ethnoecology, catalogues and libraries of universities and research centers, online information, and unpublished theses. We analyzed through descriptive statistical approaches information on agroforestry systems of México including 148 reports on use of plants and 44 reports on use of animals. RESULTS: Maize, beans, squashes and chili peppers are staple Mesoamerican food and principal crops in ethnoagroforestry systems practiced by 21 cultural groups throughout Mexico (19 indigenous people) We recorded on average 121 ± 108 (SD) wild and domesticated plant species, 55 ± 27% (SD) of them being native species; 44 ± 23% of the plant species recorded provide food, some of them having also medicinal, firewood and fodder uses. A total of 684 animal species has been recorded (17 domestic and 667 wild species), mainly used as food (34%). CONCLUSIONS: Ethnoagroforestry an emergent research approach aspiring to establish bases for integrate forestry and agricultural diversity, soil, water, and cultural richness. Its main premise is that ethnoagroforestry may provide the bases for food sovereignty and sustainable ecosystem management.
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spelling pubmed-51205682016-11-28 Ethnoagroforestry: integration of biocultural diversity for food sovereignty in Mexico Moreno-Calles, Ana Isabel Casas, Alejandro Rivero-Romero, Alexis Daniela Romero-Bautista, Yessica Angélica Rangel-Landa, Selene Fisher-Ortíz, Roberto Alexander Alvarado-Ramos, Fernando Vallejo-Ramos, Mariana Santos-Fita, Dídac J Ethnobiol Ethnomed Research BACKGROUND: Documenting the spectrum of ecosystem management, the roles of forestry and agricultural biodiversity, TEK, and human culture for food sovereignty, are all priority challenges for contemporary science and society. Ethnoagroforestry is a research approach that provides a theoretical framework integrating socio-ecological disciplines and TEK. We analyze in this study general types of Agroforestry Systems of México, in which peasants, small agriculturalist, and indigenous people are the main drivers of AFS and planning of landscape diversity use. We analyzed the actual and potential contribution of ethnoagroforestry for maintaining diversity of wild and domesticated plants and animals, ecosystems, and landscapes, hypothesizing that ethnoagroforestry management forms may be the basis for food sufficiency and sovereignty in Mexican communities, regions and the whole nation. METHODS: We conducted research and systematization of information on Mexican AFS, traditional agriculture, and topics related to food sovereignty from August 2011 to May 2015. We constructed the database Ethnoagroforestry based on information from our own studies, other databases, Mexican and international specialized journals in agroforestry and ethnoecology, catalogues and libraries of universities and research centers, online information, and unpublished theses. We analyzed through descriptive statistical approaches information on agroforestry systems of México including 148 reports on use of plants and 44 reports on use of animals. RESULTS: Maize, beans, squashes and chili peppers are staple Mesoamerican food and principal crops in ethnoagroforestry systems practiced by 21 cultural groups throughout Mexico (19 indigenous people) We recorded on average 121 ± 108 (SD) wild and domesticated plant species, 55 ± 27% (SD) of them being native species; 44 ± 23% of the plant species recorded provide food, some of them having also medicinal, firewood and fodder uses. A total of 684 animal species has been recorded (17 domestic and 667 wild species), mainly used as food (34%). CONCLUSIONS: Ethnoagroforestry an emergent research approach aspiring to establish bases for integrate forestry and agricultural diversity, soil, water, and cultural richness. Its main premise is that ethnoagroforestry may provide the bases for food sovereignty and sustainable ecosystem management. BioMed Central 2016-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC5120568/ /pubmed/27881142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0127-6 Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Moreno-Calles, Ana Isabel
Casas, Alejandro
Rivero-Romero, Alexis Daniela
Romero-Bautista, Yessica Angélica
Rangel-Landa, Selene
Fisher-Ortíz, Roberto Alexander
Alvarado-Ramos, Fernando
Vallejo-Ramos, Mariana
Santos-Fita, Dídac
Ethnoagroforestry: integration of biocultural diversity for food sovereignty in Mexico
title Ethnoagroforestry: integration of biocultural diversity for food sovereignty in Mexico
title_full Ethnoagroforestry: integration of biocultural diversity for food sovereignty in Mexico
title_fullStr Ethnoagroforestry: integration of biocultural diversity for food sovereignty in Mexico
title_full_unstemmed Ethnoagroforestry: integration of biocultural diversity for food sovereignty in Mexico
title_short Ethnoagroforestry: integration of biocultural diversity for food sovereignty in Mexico
title_sort ethnoagroforestry: integration of biocultural diversity for food sovereignty in mexico
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5120568/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27881142
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0127-6
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