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Effects of Concurrent Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress on Cardiovascular Risk in Low‐ and High‐Income Participants: Findings From the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be especially deleterious in persons with low socioeconomic status. Most work has focused on psychosocial factors individually, but emerging research suggests that the confluence of psychosocial risk may be particularly harmful. Usin...

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Autores principales: Sumner, Jennifer A., Khodneva, Yulia, Muntner, Paul, Redmond, Nicole, Lewis, Marquita W., Davidson, Karina W., Edmondson, Donald, Richman, Joshua, Safford, Monika M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5121497/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27792645
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.003930
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author Sumner, Jennifer A.
Khodneva, Yulia
Muntner, Paul
Redmond, Nicole
Lewis, Marquita W.
Davidson, Karina W.
Edmondson, Donald
Richman, Joshua
Safford, Monika M.
author_facet Sumner, Jennifer A.
Khodneva, Yulia
Muntner, Paul
Redmond, Nicole
Lewis, Marquita W.
Davidson, Karina W.
Edmondson, Donald
Richman, Joshua
Safford, Monika M.
author_sort Sumner, Jennifer A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Psychosocial risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be especially deleterious in persons with low socioeconomic status. Most work has focused on psychosocial factors individually, but emerging research suggests that the confluence of psychosocial risk may be particularly harmful. Using data from the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, we examined associations among depressive symptoms and stress, alone and in combination, and incident CVD and all‐cause mortality as a function of socioeconomic status. METHODS AND RESULTS: At baseline, 22 658 participants without a history of CVD (58.8% female, 41.7% black, mean age 63.9±9.3 years) reported on depressive symptoms, stress, annual household income, and education. Participants were classified into 1 of 3 psychosocial risk groups at baseline: (1) neither depressive symptoms nor stress, (2) either depressive symptoms or stress, or (3) both depressive symptoms and stress. Cox proportional hazards models were used to predict physician‐adjudicated incident total CVD events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular death) and all‐cause mortality over a median of 7.0 years (interquartile range 5.4–8.3 years) of follow‐up. In fully adjusted models, participants with both depressive symptoms and stress had the greatest elevation in risk of developing total CVD (hazard ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.21–1.81) and all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% CI 1.13–1.56) but only for those with low income (<$35 000) and not high (≥$35 000) income. This pattern of results was not observed in models stratified by education. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that screening for a combination of elevated depressive symptoms and stress in low‐income persons may help identify those at increased risk of incident CVD and mortality.
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spelling pubmed-51214972016-12-06 Effects of Concurrent Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress on Cardiovascular Risk in Low‐ and High‐Income Participants: Findings From the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study Sumner, Jennifer A. Khodneva, Yulia Muntner, Paul Redmond, Nicole Lewis, Marquita W. Davidson, Karina W. Edmondson, Donald Richman, Joshua Safford, Monika M. J Am Heart Assoc Original Research BACKGROUND: Psychosocial risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be especially deleterious in persons with low socioeconomic status. Most work has focused on psychosocial factors individually, but emerging research suggests that the confluence of psychosocial risk may be particularly harmful. Using data from the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, we examined associations among depressive symptoms and stress, alone and in combination, and incident CVD and all‐cause mortality as a function of socioeconomic status. METHODS AND RESULTS: At baseline, 22 658 participants without a history of CVD (58.8% female, 41.7% black, mean age 63.9±9.3 years) reported on depressive symptoms, stress, annual household income, and education. Participants were classified into 1 of 3 psychosocial risk groups at baseline: (1) neither depressive symptoms nor stress, (2) either depressive symptoms or stress, or (3) both depressive symptoms and stress. Cox proportional hazards models were used to predict physician‐adjudicated incident total CVD events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and cardiovascular death) and all‐cause mortality over a median of 7.0 years (interquartile range 5.4–8.3 years) of follow‐up. In fully adjusted models, participants with both depressive symptoms and stress had the greatest elevation in risk of developing total CVD (hazard ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.21–1.81) and all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% CI 1.13–1.56) but only for those with low income (<$35 000) and not high (≥$35 000) income. This pattern of results was not observed in models stratified by education. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that screening for a combination of elevated depressive symptoms and stress in low‐income persons may help identify those at increased risk of incident CVD and mortality. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5121497/ /pubmed/27792645 http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.003930 Text en © 2016 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Original Research
Sumner, Jennifer A.
Khodneva, Yulia
Muntner, Paul
Redmond, Nicole
Lewis, Marquita W.
Davidson, Karina W.
Edmondson, Donald
Richman, Joshua
Safford, Monika M.
Effects of Concurrent Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress on Cardiovascular Risk in Low‐ and High‐Income Participants: Findings From the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
title Effects of Concurrent Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress on Cardiovascular Risk in Low‐ and High‐Income Participants: Findings From the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
title_full Effects of Concurrent Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress on Cardiovascular Risk in Low‐ and High‐Income Participants: Findings From the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
title_fullStr Effects of Concurrent Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress on Cardiovascular Risk in Low‐ and High‐Income Participants: Findings From the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Concurrent Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress on Cardiovascular Risk in Low‐ and High‐Income Participants: Findings From the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
title_short Effects of Concurrent Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress on Cardiovascular Risk in Low‐ and High‐Income Participants: Findings From the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
title_sort effects of concurrent depressive symptoms and perceived stress on cardiovascular risk in low‐ and high‐income participants: findings from the reasons for geographical and racial differences in stroke (regards) study
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5121497/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27792645
http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.003930
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