Cargando…

Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages

BACKGROUND: A single viral variant is transmitted in the majority of HIV infections. However, about 20% of heterosexually transmitted HIV infections are caused by multiple viral variants. Detection of transmitted HIV variants is not trivial, as it involves analysis of multiple viral sequences repres...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Novitsky, Vlad, Moyo, Sikhulile, Wang, Rui, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, Essex, M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5125632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27893822
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166746
_version_ 1782469991429308416
author Novitsky, Vlad
Moyo, Sikhulile
Wang, Rui
Gaseitsiwe, Simani
Essex, M.
author_facet Novitsky, Vlad
Moyo, Sikhulile
Wang, Rui
Gaseitsiwe, Simani
Essex, M.
author_sort Novitsky, Vlad
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: A single viral variant is transmitted in the majority of HIV infections. However, about 20% of heterosexually transmitted HIV infections are caused by multiple viral variants. Detection of transmitted HIV variants is not trivial, as it involves analysis of multiple viral sequences representing intra-host HIV-1 quasispecies. METHODOLOGY: We distinguish two types of multiple virus transmission in HIV infection: (1) HIV transmission from the same source, and (2) transmission from different sources. Viral sequences representing intra-host quasispecies in a longitudinally sampled cohort of 42 individuals with primary HIV-1C infection in Botswana were generated by single-genome amplification and sequencing and spanned the V1C5 region of HIV-1C env gp120. The Maximum Likelihood phylogeny and distribution of pairwise raw distances were assessed at each sampling time point (n = 217; 42 patients; median 5 (IQR: 4–6) time points per patient, range 2–12 time points per patient). RESULTS: Transmission of multiple viral variants from the same source (likely from the partner with established HIV infection) was found in 9 out of 42 individuals (21%; 95 CI 10–37%). HIV super-infection was identified in 2 patients (5%; 95% CI 1–17%) with an estimated rate of 3.9 per 100 person-years. Transmission of multiple viruses combined with HIV super-infection at a later time point was observed in one individual. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple HIV lineages transmitted from the same source produce a monophyletic clade in the inferred phylogenetic tree. Such a clade has transiently distinct sub-clusters in the early stage of HIV infection, and follows a predictable evolutionary pathway. Over time, the gap between initially distinct viral lineages fills in and initially distinct sub-clusters converge. Identification of cases with transmission of multiple viral lineages from the same source needs to be taken into account in cross-sectional estimation of HIV recency in epidemiological and population studies.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5125632
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-51256322016-12-15 Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages Novitsky, Vlad Moyo, Sikhulile Wang, Rui Gaseitsiwe, Simani Essex, M. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: A single viral variant is transmitted in the majority of HIV infections. However, about 20% of heterosexually transmitted HIV infections are caused by multiple viral variants. Detection of transmitted HIV variants is not trivial, as it involves analysis of multiple viral sequences representing intra-host HIV-1 quasispecies. METHODOLOGY: We distinguish two types of multiple virus transmission in HIV infection: (1) HIV transmission from the same source, and (2) transmission from different sources. Viral sequences representing intra-host quasispecies in a longitudinally sampled cohort of 42 individuals with primary HIV-1C infection in Botswana were generated by single-genome amplification and sequencing and spanned the V1C5 region of HIV-1C env gp120. The Maximum Likelihood phylogeny and distribution of pairwise raw distances were assessed at each sampling time point (n = 217; 42 patients; median 5 (IQR: 4–6) time points per patient, range 2–12 time points per patient). RESULTS: Transmission of multiple viral variants from the same source (likely from the partner with established HIV infection) was found in 9 out of 42 individuals (21%; 95 CI 10–37%). HIV super-infection was identified in 2 patients (5%; 95% CI 1–17%) with an estimated rate of 3.9 per 100 person-years. Transmission of multiple viruses combined with HIV super-infection at a later time point was observed in one individual. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple HIV lineages transmitted from the same source produce a monophyletic clade in the inferred phylogenetic tree. Such a clade has transiently distinct sub-clusters in the early stage of HIV infection, and follows a predictable evolutionary pathway. Over time, the gap between initially distinct viral lineages fills in and initially distinct sub-clusters converge. Identification of cases with transmission of multiple viral lineages from the same source needs to be taken into account in cross-sectional estimation of HIV recency in epidemiological and population studies. Public Library of Science 2016-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5125632/ /pubmed/27893822 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166746 Text en © 2016 Novitsky et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Novitsky, Vlad
Moyo, Sikhulile
Wang, Rui
Gaseitsiwe, Simani
Essex, M.
Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages
title Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages
title_full Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages
title_fullStr Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages
title_full_unstemmed Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages
title_short Deciphering Multiplicity of HIV-1C Infection: Transmission of Closely Related Multiple Viral Lineages
title_sort deciphering multiplicity of hiv-1c infection: transmission of closely related multiple viral lineages
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5125632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27893822
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166746
work_keys_str_mv AT novitskyvlad decipheringmultiplicityofhiv1cinfectiontransmissionofcloselyrelatedmultiplevirallineages
AT moyosikhulile decipheringmultiplicityofhiv1cinfectiontransmissionofcloselyrelatedmultiplevirallineages
AT wangrui decipheringmultiplicityofhiv1cinfectiontransmissionofcloselyrelatedmultiplevirallineages
AT gaseitsiwesimani decipheringmultiplicityofhiv1cinfectiontransmissionofcloselyrelatedmultiplevirallineages
AT essexm decipheringmultiplicityofhiv1cinfectiontransmissionofcloselyrelatedmultiplevirallineages