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Neuron–Microglia Interactions in Mental Health Disorders: “For Better, and For Worse”

Persistent cognitive and behavioral symptoms that characterize many mental health disorders arise from impaired neuroplasticity in several key corticolimbic brain regions. Recent evidence suggests that reciprocal neuron–microglia interactions shape neuroplasticity during physiological conditions, im...

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Autor principal: Wohleb, Eric S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5126117/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27965671
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00544
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author Wohleb, Eric S.
author_facet Wohleb, Eric S.
author_sort Wohleb, Eric S.
collection PubMed
description Persistent cognitive and behavioral symptoms that characterize many mental health disorders arise from impaired neuroplasticity in several key corticolimbic brain regions. Recent evidence suggests that reciprocal neuron–microglia interactions shape neuroplasticity during physiological conditions, implicating microglia in the neurobiology of mental health disorders. Neuron–microglia interactions are modulated by several molecular and cellular pathways, and dysregulation of these pathways often have neurobiological consequences, including aberrant neuronal responses and microglia activation. Impaired neuron-microglia interactions are implicated in mental health disorders because rodent stress models lead to concomitant neuronal dystrophy and alterations in microglia morphology and function. In this context, functional changes in microglia may be indicative of an immune state termed parainflammation in which tissue-resident macrophages (i.e., microglia) respond to malfunctioning cells by initiating modest inflammation in an attempt to restore homeostasis. Thus, aberrant neuronal activity and release of damage-associated signals during repeated stress exposure may contribute to functional changes in microglia and resultant parainflammation. Furthermore, accumulating evidence shows that uncoupling neuron–microglia interactions may contribute to altered neuroplasticity and associated anxiety- or depressive-like behaviors. Additional work shows that microglia have varied phenotypes in specific brain regions, which may underlie divergent neuroplasticity observed in corticolimbic structures following stress exposure. These findings indicate that neuron–microglia interactions are critical mediators of the interface between adaptive, homeostatic neuronal function and the neurobiology of mental health disorders.
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spelling pubmed-51261172016-12-13 Neuron–Microglia Interactions in Mental Health Disorders: “For Better, and For Worse” Wohleb, Eric S. Front Immunol Immunology Persistent cognitive and behavioral symptoms that characterize many mental health disorders arise from impaired neuroplasticity in several key corticolimbic brain regions. Recent evidence suggests that reciprocal neuron–microglia interactions shape neuroplasticity during physiological conditions, implicating microglia in the neurobiology of mental health disorders. Neuron–microglia interactions are modulated by several molecular and cellular pathways, and dysregulation of these pathways often have neurobiological consequences, including aberrant neuronal responses and microglia activation. Impaired neuron-microglia interactions are implicated in mental health disorders because rodent stress models lead to concomitant neuronal dystrophy and alterations in microglia morphology and function. In this context, functional changes in microglia may be indicative of an immune state termed parainflammation in which tissue-resident macrophages (i.e., microglia) respond to malfunctioning cells by initiating modest inflammation in an attempt to restore homeostasis. Thus, aberrant neuronal activity and release of damage-associated signals during repeated stress exposure may contribute to functional changes in microglia and resultant parainflammation. Furthermore, accumulating evidence shows that uncoupling neuron–microglia interactions may contribute to altered neuroplasticity and associated anxiety- or depressive-like behaviors. Additional work shows that microglia have varied phenotypes in specific brain regions, which may underlie divergent neuroplasticity observed in corticolimbic structures following stress exposure. These findings indicate that neuron–microglia interactions are critical mediators of the interface between adaptive, homeostatic neuronal function and the neurobiology of mental health disorders. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5126117/ /pubmed/27965671 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00544 Text en Copyright © 2016 Wohleb. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Wohleb, Eric S.
Neuron–Microglia Interactions in Mental Health Disorders: “For Better, and For Worse”
title Neuron–Microglia Interactions in Mental Health Disorders: “For Better, and For Worse”
title_full Neuron–Microglia Interactions in Mental Health Disorders: “For Better, and For Worse”
title_fullStr Neuron–Microglia Interactions in Mental Health Disorders: “For Better, and For Worse”
title_full_unstemmed Neuron–Microglia Interactions in Mental Health Disorders: “For Better, and For Worse”
title_short Neuron–Microglia Interactions in Mental Health Disorders: “For Better, and For Worse”
title_sort neuron–microglia interactions in mental health disorders: “for better, and for worse”
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5126117/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27965671
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00544
work_keys_str_mv AT wohleberics neuronmicrogliainteractionsinmentalhealthdisordersforbetterandforworse