Cargando…
Blood Pressure and Fibrinogen Responses to Mental Stress as Predictors of Incident Hypertension over an 8-Year Period
BACKGROUND: Heightened blood pressure (BP) responses to mental stress predict raised BP levels over subsequent years, but evidence for associations with incident hypertension is limited, and the significance of inflammatory responses is uncertain. PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between BP...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2016
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5126198/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9817-5 |
_version_ | 1782470080068583424 |
---|---|
author | Steptoe, Andrew Kivimäki, Mika Lowe, Gordon Rumley, Ann Hamer, Mark |
author_facet | Steptoe, Andrew Kivimäki, Mika Lowe, Gordon Rumley, Ann Hamer, Mark |
author_sort | Steptoe, Andrew |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Heightened blood pressure (BP) responses to mental stress predict raised BP levels over subsequent years, but evidence for associations with incident hypertension is limited, and the significance of inflammatory responses is uncertain. PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between BP and plasma fibrinogen responses to stress and incident hypertension over an average 8-year follow-up. METHOD: Participants were 636 men and women (mean age 59.1 years) from the Whitehall II epidemiological cohort with no history of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. They performed standardized behavioral tasks (color/word conflict and mirror tracing), and hypertension was defined by clinic measures and medication status. RESULTS: Of participants in the highest systolic BP reactivity tertile, 29.3 % became hypertensive over the follow-up period compared with 16.5 % of those in the lowest tertile, with an odds ratio of 2.02 (95 % CI 1.17–3.88, p = 0.012) after adjustment for age, sex, grade of employment, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, follow-up time, subjective stress response, perceived task difficulty, perceived task engagement, and baseline BP. Similar associations were observed for diastolic BP reactivity (odds ratio 2.05, 95 % CI 1.23–3.40, p = 0.006) and for impaired systolic BP post-stress recovery (odds ratio 2.06, 95 % CI 1.19–3.57, p = 0.010). Fibrinogen reactions to tasks also predicted future hypertension in women (odds ratio 2.64, 95 % CI 1.11–6.30, p = 0.029) but not men. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that heightened cardiovascular and inflammatory reactivity to mental stress is associated with hypertension risk, and may be a mechanism through which psychosocial factors impact on the development of hypertension. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5126198 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51261982016-12-13 Blood Pressure and Fibrinogen Responses to Mental Stress as Predictors of Incident Hypertension over an 8-Year Period Steptoe, Andrew Kivimäki, Mika Lowe, Gordon Rumley, Ann Hamer, Mark Ann Behav Med Original Article BACKGROUND: Heightened blood pressure (BP) responses to mental stress predict raised BP levels over subsequent years, but evidence for associations with incident hypertension is limited, and the significance of inflammatory responses is uncertain. PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between BP and plasma fibrinogen responses to stress and incident hypertension over an average 8-year follow-up. METHOD: Participants were 636 men and women (mean age 59.1 years) from the Whitehall II epidemiological cohort with no history of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. They performed standardized behavioral tasks (color/word conflict and mirror tracing), and hypertension was defined by clinic measures and medication status. RESULTS: Of participants in the highest systolic BP reactivity tertile, 29.3 % became hypertensive over the follow-up period compared with 16.5 % of those in the lowest tertile, with an odds ratio of 2.02 (95 % CI 1.17–3.88, p = 0.012) after adjustment for age, sex, grade of employment, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, follow-up time, subjective stress response, perceived task difficulty, perceived task engagement, and baseline BP. Similar associations were observed for diastolic BP reactivity (odds ratio 2.05, 95 % CI 1.23–3.40, p = 0.006) and for impaired systolic BP post-stress recovery (odds ratio 2.06, 95 % CI 1.19–3.57, p = 0.010). Fibrinogen reactions to tasks also predicted future hypertension in women (odds ratio 2.64, 95 % CI 1.11–6.30, p = 0.029) but not men. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that heightened cardiovascular and inflammatory reactivity to mental stress is associated with hypertension risk, and may be a mechanism through which psychosocial factors impact on the development of hypertension. Springer US 2016-07-11 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC5126198/ /pubmed/27401000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9817-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Steptoe, Andrew Kivimäki, Mika Lowe, Gordon Rumley, Ann Hamer, Mark Blood Pressure and Fibrinogen Responses to Mental Stress as Predictors of Incident Hypertension over an 8-Year Period |
title | Blood Pressure and Fibrinogen Responses to Mental Stress as Predictors of Incident Hypertension over an 8-Year Period |
title_full | Blood Pressure and Fibrinogen Responses to Mental Stress as Predictors of Incident Hypertension over an 8-Year Period |
title_fullStr | Blood Pressure and Fibrinogen Responses to Mental Stress as Predictors of Incident Hypertension over an 8-Year Period |
title_full_unstemmed | Blood Pressure and Fibrinogen Responses to Mental Stress as Predictors of Incident Hypertension over an 8-Year Period |
title_short | Blood Pressure and Fibrinogen Responses to Mental Stress as Predictors of Incident Hypertension over an 8-Year Period |
title_sort | blood pressure and fibrinogen responses to mental stress as predictors of incident hypertension over an 8-year period |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5126198/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27401000 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9817-5 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT steptoeandrew bloodpressureandfibrinogenresponsestomentalstressaspredictorsofincidenthypertensionoveran8yearperiod AT kivimakimika bloodpressureandfibrinogenresponsestomentalstressaspredictorsofincidenthypertensionoveran8yearperiod AT lowegordon bloodpressureandfibrinogenresponsestomentalstressaspredictorsofincidenthypertensionoveran8yearperiod AT rumleyann bloodpressureandfibrinogenresponsestomentalstressaspredictorsofincidenthypertensionoveran8yearperiod AT hamermark bloodpressureandfibrinogenresponsestomentalstressaspredictorsofincidenthypertensionoveran8yearperiod |