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Development of a community’s self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (Mimamori Scale)
BACKGROUND: Among older people in developed countries, social isolation leading to solitary death has become a public health issue of vital importance. Such isolation could be prevented by monitoring at-risk individuals at the neighborhood level and by implementing supportive networks at the communi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5127097/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27894279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3857-4 |
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author | Tadaka, Etsuko Kono, Ayumi Ito, Eriko Kanaya, Yukiko Dai, Yuka Imamatsu, Yuki Itoi, Waka |
author_facet | Tadaka, Etsuko Kono, Ayumi Ito, Eriko Kanaya, Yukiko Dai, Yuka Imamatsu, Yuki Itoi, Waka |
author_sort | Tadaka, Etsuko |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Among older people in developed countries, social isolation leading to solitary death has become a public health issue of vital importance. Such isolation could be prevented by monitoring at-risk individuals at the neighborhood level and by implementing supportive networks at the community level. However, a means of measuring community confidence in these measures has not been established. This study is aimed at developing the Community’s Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES; Mimamori scale in Japanese) for community members preventing social isolation among older people. METHODS: The CSES is a self-administered questionnaire developed on the basis of Bandura’s self-efficacy theory. The survey was given to a general population (GEN) sample (n = 6,000) and community volunteer (CVOL) sample (n = 1,297). Construct validity was determined using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. The Generative Concern Scale (GCS-R) and Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) were also administered to assess criterion-related validity of the CSES. RESULTS: In total, 3,484 and 859 valid responses were received in the GEN and CVOL groups, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis identified eight items from two domains—community network and neighborhood watch—with goodness of fit index = 0.984, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.970, comparative fit index = 0.988, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.047. Cronbach’s alpha for the entire CSES was 0.87 and for the subscales was 0.80 and higher. The score of the entire CSES was positively correlated with the GCS-R in both the GEN (r = 0.80, p < 0.001) and CVOL (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) samples. CONCLUSIONS: The CSES demonstrated adequate reliability and validity for assessing a community’s self-efficacy to aid in its preventing social isolation among older people. The scale is potentially useful for promoting health policies, practices, and interventions within communities. This may help prevent social isolation among older people and contribute to overall well-being in aging societies in Japan and abroad. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3857-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5127097 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51270972016-12-08 Development of a community’s self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (Mimamori Scale) Tadaka, Etsuko Kono, Ayumi Ito, Eriko Kanaya, Yukiko Dai, Yuka Imamatsu, Yuki Itoi, Waka BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Among older people in developed countries, social isolation leading to solitary death has become a public health issue of vital importance. Such isolation could be prevented by monitoring at-risk individuals at the neighborhood level and by implementing supportive networks at the community level. However, a means of measuring community confidence in these measures has not been established. This study is aimed at developing the Community’s Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES; Mimamori scale in Japanese) for community members preventing social isolation among older people. METHODS: The CSES is a self-administered questionnaire developed on the basis of Bandura’s self-efficacy theory. The survey was given to a general population (GEN) sample (n = 6,000) and community volunteer (CVOL) sample (n = 1,297). Construct validity was determined using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. The Generative Concern Scale (GCS-R) and Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) were also administered to assess criterion-related validity of the CSES. RESULTS: In total, 3,484 and 859 valid responses were received in the GEN and CVOL groups, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis identified eight items from two domains—community network and neighborhood watch—with goodness of fit index = 0.984, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.970, comparative fit index = 0.988, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.047. Cronbach’s alpha for the entire CSES was 0.87 and for the subscales was 0.80 and higher. The score of the entire CSES was positively correlated with the GCS-R in both the GEN (r = 0.80, p < 0.001) and CVOL (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) samples. CONCLUSIONS: The CSES demonstrated adequate reliability and validity for assessing a community’s self-efficacy to aid in its preventing social isolation among older people. The scale is potentially useful for promoting health policies, practices, and interventions within communities. This may help prevent social isolation among older people and contribute to overall well-being in aging societies in Japan and abroad. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3857-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5127097/ /pubmed/27894279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3857-4 Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Tadaka, Etsuko Kono, Ayumi Ito, Eriko Kanaya, Yukiko Dai, Yuka Imamatsu, Yuki Itoi, Waka Development of a community’s self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (Mimamori Scale) |
title | Development of a community’s self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (Mimamori Scale) |
title_full | Development of a community’s self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (Mimamori Scale) |
title_fullStr | Development of a community’s self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (Mimamori Scale) |
title_full_unstemmed | Development of a community’s self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (Mimamori Scale) |
title_short | Development of a community’s self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (Mimamori Scale) |
title_sort | development of a community’s self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (mimamori scale) |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5127097/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27894279 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3857-4 |
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