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Functional Connectivity Reveals Which Language the “Control Regions” Control during Bilingual Production
Bilingual studies have revealed critical roles for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the left caudate nucleus (Lcaudate) in controlling language processing, but how these regions manage activation of a bilingual’s two languages remains an open question. We addressed this question by id...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5127791/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27965563 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00616 |
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author | Li, Le Emmorey, Karen Feng, Xiaoxia Lu, Chunming Ding, Guosheng |
author_facet | Li, Le Emmorey, Karen Feng, Xiaoxia Lu, Chunming Ding, Guosheng |
author_sort | Li, Le |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bilingual studies have revealed critical roles for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the left caudate nucleus (Lcaudate) in controlling language processing, but how these regions manage activation of a bilingual’s two languages remains an open question. We addressed this question by identifying the functional connectivity (FC) of these control regions during a picture-naming task by bimodal bilinguals who were fluent in both a spoken and a signed language. To quantify language control processes, we measured the FC of the dACC and Lcaudate with a region specific to each language modality: left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG) for speech and left pre/postcentral gyrus (LPCG) for sign. Picture-naming occurred in either a single- or dual-language context. The results showed that in a single-language context, the dACC exhibited increased FC with the target language region, but not with the non-target language region. During the dual-language context when both languages were alternately the target language, the dACC showed strong FC to the LPCG, the region specific to the less proficient (signed) language. By contrast, the Lcaudate revealed a strong connectivity to the LPCG in the single-language context and to the LSTG (the region specific to spoken language) in the dual-language context. Our findings suggest that the dACC monitors and supports the processing of the target language, and that the Lcaudate controls the selection of the less accessible language. The results support the hypothesis that language control processes adapt to task demands that vary due to different interactional contexts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5127791 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51277912016-12-13 Functional Connectivity Reveals Which Language the “Control Regions” Control during Bilingual Production Li, Le Emmorey, Karen Feng, Xiaoxia Lu, Chunming Ding, Guosheng Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Bilingual studies have revealed critical roles for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the left caudate nucleus (Lcaudate) in controlling language processing, but how these regions manage activation of a bilingual’s two languages remains an open question. We addressed this question by identifying the functional connectivity (FC) of these control regions during a picture-naming task by bimodal bilinguals who were fluent in both a spoken and a signed language. To quantify language control processes, we measured the FC of the dACC and Lcaudate with a region specific to each language modality: left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG) for speech and left pre/postcentral gyrus (LPCG) for sign. Picture-naming occurred in either a single- or dual-language context. The results showed that in a single-language context, the dACC exhibited increased FC with the target language region, but not with the non-target language region. During the dual-language context when both languages were alternately the target language, the dACC showed strong FC to the LPCG, the region specific to the less proficient (signed) language. By contrast, the Lcaudate revealed a strong connectivity to the LPCG in the single-language context and to the LSTG (the region specific to spoken language) in the dual-language context. Our findings suggest that the dACC monitors and supports the processing of the target language, and that the Lcaudate controls the selection of the less accessible language. The results support the hypothesis that language control processes adapt to task demands that vary due to different interactional contexts. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5127791/ /pubmed/27965563 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00616 Text en Copyright © 2016 Li, Emmorey, Feng, Lu and Ding. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Li, Le Emmorey, Karen Feng, Xiaoxia Lu, Chunming Ding, Guosheng Functional Connectivity Reveals Which Language the “Control Regions” Control during Bilingual Production |
title | Functional Connectivity Reveals Which Language the “Control Regions” Control during Bilingual Production |
title_full | Functional Connectivity Reveals Which Language the “Control Regions” Control during Bilingual Production |
title_fullStr | Functional Connectivity Reveals Which Language the “Control Regions” Control during Bilingual Production |
title_full_unstemmed | Functional Connectivity Reveals Which Language the “Control Regions” Control during Bilingual Production |
title_short | Functional Connectivity Reveals Which Language the “Control Regions” Control during Bilingual Production |
title_sort | functional connectivity reveals which language the “control regions” control during bilingual production |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5127791/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27965563 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00616 |
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