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The Impacts of Air Temperature on Accidental Casualties in Beijing, China
Emergency room (ER) visits for accidental casualties, according to the International Classification of Deceases 10th Revision Chapters 19 and 20, include injury, poisoning, and external causes (IPEC). Annual distribution of 187,008 ER visits that took place between 2009 and 2011 in Beijing, China di...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5129283/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27827842 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111073 |
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author | Ma, Pan Wang, Shigong Fan, Xingang Li, Tanshi |
author_facet | Ma, Pan Wang, Shigong Fan, Xingang Li, Tanshi |
author_sort | Ma, Pan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Emergency room (ER) visits for accidental casualties, according to the International Classification of Deceases 10th Revision Chapters 19 and 20, include injury, poisoning, and external causes (IPEC). Annual distribution of 187,008 ER visits that took place between 2009 and 2011 in Beijing, China displayed regularity rather than random characteristics. The annual cycle from the Fourier series fitting of the number of ER visits was found to explain 63.2% of its total variance. In this study, the possible effect and regulation of meteorological conditions on these ER visits are investigated through the use of correlation analysis, as well as statistical modeling by using the Distributed Lag Non-linear Model and Generalized Additive Model. Correlation analysis indicated that meteorological variables that positively correlated with temperature have a positive relationship with the number of ER visits, and vice versa. The temperature metrics of maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures were found to have similar overall impacts, including both the direct impact on human mental/physical conditions and indirect impact on human behavior. The lag analysis indicated that the overall impacts of temperatures higher than the 50th percentile on ER visits occur immediately, whereas low temperatures show protective effects in the first few days. Accidental casualties happen more frequently on warm days when the mean temperature is higher than 14 °C than on cold days. Mean temperatures of around 26 °C result in the greatest possibility of ER visits for accidental casualties. In addition, males were found to face a higher risk of accidental casualties than females at high temperatures. Therefore, the IPEC-classified ER visits are not pure accidents; instead, they are associated closely with meteorological conditions, especially temperature. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5129283 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51292832016-12-11 The Impacts of Air Temperature on Accidental Casualties in Beijing, China Ma, Pan Wang, Shigong Fan, Xingang Li, Tanshi Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Emergency room (ER) visits for accidental casualties, according to the International Classification of Deceases 10th Revision Chapters 19 and 20, include injury, poisoning, and external causes (IPEC). Annual distribution of 187,008 ER visits that took place between 2009 and 2011 in Beijing, China displayed regularity rather than random characteristics. The annual cycle from the Fourier series fitting of the number of ER visits was found to explain 63.2% of its total variance. In this study, the possible effect and regulation of meteorological conditions on these ER visits are investigated through the use of correlation analysis, as well as statistical modeling by using the Distributed Lag Non-linear Model and Generalized Additive Model. Correlation analysis indicated that meteorological variables that positively correlated with temperature have a positive relationship with the number of ER visits, and vice versa. The temperature metrics of maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures were found to have similar overall impacts, including both the direct impact on human mental/physical conditions and indirect impact on human behavior. The lag analysis indicated that the overall impacts of temperatures higher than the 50th percentile on ER visits occur immediately, whereas low temperatures show protective effects in the first few days. Accidental casualties happen more frequently on warm days when the mean temperature is higher than 14 °C than on cold days. Mean temperatures of around 26 °C result in the greatest possibility of ER visits for accidental casualties. In addition, males were found to face a higher risk of accidental casualties than females at high temperatures. Therefore, the IPEC-classified ER visits are not pure accidents; instead, they are associated closely with meteorological conditions, especially temperature. MDPI 2016-11-02 2016-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5129283/ /pubmed/27827842 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111073 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ma, Pan Wang, Shigong Fan, Xingang Li, Tanshi The Impacts of Air Temperature on Accidental Casualties in Beijing, China |
title | The Impacts of Air Temperature on Accidental Casualties in Beijing, China |
title_full | The Impacts of Air Temperature on Accidental Casualties in Beijing, China |
title_fullStr | The Impacts of Air Temperature on Accidental Casualties in Beijing, China |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impacts of Air Temperature on Accidental Casualties in Beijing, China |
title_short | The Impacts of Air Temperature on Accidental Casualties in Beijing, China |
title_sort | impacts of air temperature on accidental casualties in beijing, china |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5129283/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27827842 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111073 |
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