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Apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana

The fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is a strictly apoplastic, host‐specific pathogen of wheat leaves and causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease. All other plants are considered nonhosts, but the mechanism of nonhost resistance (NHR) to Z. tritici has not been addressed previously. We soug...

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Autores principales: Kettles, Graeme J., Bayon, Carlos, Canning, Gail, Rudd, Jason J., Kanyuka, Kostya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5132004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27696417
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14215
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author Kettles, Graeme J.
Bayon, Carlos
Canning, Gail
Rudd, Jason J.
Kanyuka, Kostya
author_facet Kettles, Graeme J.
Bayon, Carlos
Canning, Gail
Rudd, Jason J.
Kanyuka, Kostya
author_sort Kettles, Graeme J.
collection PubMed
description The fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is a strictly apoplastic, host‐specific pathogen of wheat leaves and causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease. All other plants are considered nonhosts, but the mechanism of nonhost resistance (NHR) to Z. tritici has not been addressed previously. We sought to develop Nicotiana benthamiana as a system to study NHR against Z. tritici. Fluorescence microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were used to establish the interaction between Z. tritici and N. benthamiana. Agrobacterium‐mediated transient expression was used to screen putative Z. tritici effector genes for recognition in N. benthamiana, and virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) was employed to determine the role of two receptor‐like kinases (RLKs), NbBAK1 and NbSOBIR1, in Z. tritici effector recognition. Numerous Z. tritici putative effectors (14 of 63 tested) induced cell death or chlorosis in N. benthamiana. For most, phenotypes were light‐dependent and required effector secretion to the leaf apoplastic space. Moreover, effector‐induced host cell death was dependent on NbBAK1 and NbSOBIR1. Our results indicate widespread recognition of apoplastic effectors from a wheat‐infecting fungal pathogen in a taxonomically distant nonhost plant species presumably by cell surface immune receptors. This suggests that apoplastic recognition of multiple nonadapted pathogen effectors may contribute to NHR.
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spelling pubmed-51320042016-12-02 Apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana Kettles, Graeme J. Bayon, Carlos Canning, Gail Rudd, Jason J. Kanyuka, Kostya New Phytol Research The fungus Zymoseptoria tritici is a strictly apoplastic, host‐specific pathogen of wheat leaves and causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease. All other plants are considered nonhosts, but the mechanism of nonhost resistance (NHR) to Z. tritici has not been addressed previously. We sought to develop Nicotiana benthamiana as a system to study NHR against Z. tritici. Fluorescence microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were used to establish the interaction between Z. tritici and N. benthamiana. Agrobacterium‐mediated transient expression was used to screen putative Z. tritici effector genes for recognition in N. benthamiana, and virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) was employed to determine the role of two receptor‐like kinases (RLKs), NbBAK1 and NbSOBIR1, in Z. tritici effector recognition. Numerous Z. tritici putative effectors (14 of 63 tested) induced cell death or chlorosis in N. benthamiana. For most, phenotypes were light‐dependent and required effector secretion to the leaf apoplastic space. Moreover, effector‐induced host cell death was dependent on NbBAK1 and NbSOBIR1. Our results indicate widespread recognition of apoplastic effectors from a wheat‐infecting fungal pathogen in a taxonomically distant nonhost plant species presumably by cell surface immune receptors. This suggests that apoplastic recognition of multiple nonadapted pathogen effectors may contribute to NHR. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-10-03 2017-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5132004/ /pubmed/27696417 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14215 Text en © 2016 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Kettles, Graeme J.
Bayon, Carlos
Canning, Gail
Rudd, Jason J.
Kanyuka, Kostya
Apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana
title Apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana
title_full Apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana
title_fullStr Apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana
title_full_unstemmed Apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana
title_short Apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant Nicotiana benthamiana
title_sort apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant nicotiana benthamiana
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5132004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27696417
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14215
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