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Substitution Models of Water for Other Beverages, and the Incidence of Obesity and Weight Gain in the SUN Cohort

Obesity is a major epidemic for developed countries in the 21st century. The main cause of obesity is energy imbalance, of which contributing factors include a sedentary lifestyle, epigenetic factors and excessive caloric intake through food and beverages. A high consumption of caloric beverages, su...

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Autores principales: Fresán, Ujué, Gea, Alfredo, Bes-Rastrollo, Maira, Ruiz-Canela, Miguel, Martínez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133076/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27809239
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8110688
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author Fresán, Ujué
Gea, Alfredo
Bes-Rastrollo, Maira
Ruiz-Canela, Miguel
Martínez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.
author_facet Fresán, Ujué
Gea, Alfredo
Bes-Rastrollo, Maira
Ruiz-Canela, Miguel
Martínez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.
author_sort Fresán, Ujué
collection PubMed
description Obesity is a major epidemic for developed countries in the 21st century. The main cause of obesity is energy imbalance, of which contributing factors include a sedentary lifestyle, epigenetic factors and excessive caloric intake through food and beverages. A high consumption of caloric beverages, such as alcoholic or sweetened drinks, may particularly contribute to weight gain, and lower satiety has been associated with the intake of liquid instead of solid calories. Our objective was to evaluate the association between the substitution of a serving per day of water for another beverage (or group of them) and the incidence of obesity and weight change in a Mediterranean cohort, using mathematical models. We followed 15,765 adults without obesity at baseline. The intake of 17 beverage items was assessed at baseline through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The outcomes were average change in body weight in a four-year period and new-onset obesity and their association with the substitution of one serving per day of water for one of the other beverages. During the follow-up, 873 incident cases of obesity were identified. In substitution models, the consumption of water instead of beer or sugar-sweetened soda beverages was associated with a lower obesity incidence (the Odds Ratio (OR) 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 0.94) and OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.97); respectively) and, in the case of beer, it was also associated with a higher average weight loss (weight change difference = −328 g; (95% CI −566 to −89)). Thus, this study found that replacing one sugar-sweetened soda beverage or beer with one serving of water per day at baseline was related to a lower incidence of obesity and to a higher weight loss over a four-year period time in the case of beer, based on mathematical models.
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spelling pubmed-51330762016-12-11 Substitution Models of Water for Other Beverages, and the Incidence of Obesity and Weight Gain in the SUN Cohort Fresán, Ujué Gea, Alfredo Bes-Rastrollo, Maira Ruiz-Canela, Miguel Martínez-Gonzalez, Miguel A. Nutrients Article Obesity is a major epidemic for developed countries in the 21st century. The main cause of obesity is energy imbalance, of which contributing factors include a sedentary lifestyle, epigenetic factors and excessive caloric intake through food and beverages. A high consumption of caloric beverages, such as alcoholic or sweetened drinks, may particularly contribute to weight gain, and lower satiety has been associated with the intake of liquid instead of solid calories. Our objective was to evaluate the association between the substitution of a serving per day of water for another beverage (or group of them) and the incidence of obesity and weight change in a Mediterranean cohort, using mathematical models. We followed 15,765 adults without obesity at baseline. The intake of 17 beverage items was assessed at baseline through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The outcomes were average change in body weight in a four-year period and new-onset obesity and their association with the substitution of one serving per day of water for one of the other beverages. During the follow-up, 873 incident cases of obesity were identified. In substitution models, the consumption of water instead of beer or sugar-sweetened soda beverages was associated with a lower obesity incidence (the Odds Ratio (OR) 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 0.94) and OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.97); respectively) and, in the case of beer, it was also associated with a higher average weight loss (weight change difference = −328 g; (95% CI −566 to −89)). Thus, this study found that replacing one sugar-sweetened soda beverage or beer with one serving of water per day at baseline was related to a lower incidence of obesity and to a higher weight loss over a four-year period time in the case of beer, based on mathematical models. MDPI 2016-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5133076/ /pubmed/27809239 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8110688 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fresán, Ujué
Gea, Alfredo
Bes-Rastrollo, Maira
Ruiz-Canela, Miguel
Martínez-Gonzalez, Miguel A.
Substitution Models of Water for Other Beverages, and the Incidence of Obesity and Weight Gain in the SUN Cohort
title Substitution Models of Water for Other Beverages, and the Incidence of Obesity and Weight Gain in the SUN Cohort
title_full Substitution Models of Water for Other Beverages, and the Incidence of Obesity and Weight Gain in the SUN Cohort
title_fullStr Substitution Models of Water for Other Beverages, and the Incidence of Obesity and Weight Gain in the SUN Cohort
title_full_unstemmed Substitution Models of Water for Other Beverages, and the Incidence of Obesity and Weight Gain in the SUN Cohort
title_short Substitution Models of Water for Other Beverages, and the Incidence of Obesity and Weight Gain in the SUN Cohort
title_sort substitution models of water for other beverages, and the incidence of obesity and weight gain in the sun cohort
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133076/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27809239
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8110688
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