Cargando…
Coeliac disease: a unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity
Coeliac disease, a prevalent immune-mediated enteropathy driven by dietary gluten, provides an exceptional human model to dissect the genetic, environmental and immunologic factors operating in autoimmunity. Despite the causative antigen being an exogenous food protein, coeliac disease has many feat...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2016
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133362/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27990287 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cti.2016.58 |
_version_ | 1782471246753038336 |
---|---|
author | Hardy, Melinda Y Tye-Din, Jason A |
author_facet | Hardy, Melinda Y Tye-Din, Jason A |
author_sort | Hardy, Melinda Y |
collection | PubMed |
description | Coeliac disease, a prevalent immune-mediated enteropathy driven by dietary gluten, provides an exceptional human model to dissect the genetic, environmental and immunologic factors operating in autoimmunity. Despite the causative antigen being an exogenous food protein, coeliac disease has many features in common with autoimmune disease including a strong HLA class II association and the presence of pathogenic CD4(+) T cells and autoantibodies. CD8(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes specifically target and destroy intestinal epithelium in response to stress signals and not a specific antigen. A unique feature of coeliac disease is the ability to remove gluten to induce disease remission and reintroduce it to trigger a memory response. This provides an unparalleled opportunity to study disease-relevant CD4(+) T cells that have been expanded in vivo. As a result, the causative peptides have been characterised at a level unprecedented for any autoimmune disease. Despite the complexity of the gluten proteome, resistance to gastrointestinal proteolysis and susceptibility to post-translational modification by transglutaminase help shape a restricted repertoire of immunogenic gluten peptides that have high affinity for disease-associated HLA. The critical steps in coeliac disease pathogenesis have been broadly elucidated and provide the basis for experimental therapies in pre-clinical or clinical development. However, little is known about how and why tolerance to gluten sometimes breaks or fails to develop. Understanding the interactions between genes, the environment, gluten immunity and the microbiome may provide novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5133362 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51333622016-12-16 Coeliac disease: a unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity Hardy, Melinda Y Tye-Din, Jason A Clin Transl Immunology Review Coeliac disease, a prevalent immune-mediated enteropathy driven by dietary gluten, provides an exceptional human model to dissect the genetic, environmental and immunologic factors operating in autoimmunity. Despite the causative antigen being an exogenous food protein, coeliac disease has many features in common with autoimmune disease including a strong HLA class II association and the presence of pathogenic CD4(+) T cells and autoantibodies. CD8(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes specifically target and destroy intestinal epithelium in response to stress signals and not a specific antigen. A unique feature of coeliac disease is the ability to remove gluten to induce disease remission and reintroduce it to trigger a memory response. This provides an unparalleled opportunity to study disease-relevant CD4(+) T cells that have been expanded in vivo. As a result, the causative peptides have been characterised at a level unprecedented for any autoimmune disease. Despite the complexity of the gluten proteome, resistance to gastrointestinal proteolysis and susceptibility to post-translational modification by transglutaminase help shape a restricted repertoire of immunogenic gluten peptides that have high affinity for disease-associated HLA. The critical steps in coeliac disease pathogenesis have been broadly elucidated and provide the basis for experimental therapies in pre-clinical or clinical development. However, little is known about how and why tolerance to gluten sometimes breaks or fails to develop. Understanding the interactions between genes, the environment, gluten immunity and the microbiome may provide novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nature Publishing Group 2016-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC5133362/ /pubmed/27990287 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cti.2016.58 Text en Copyright © 2016 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Review Hardy, Melinda Y Tye-Din, Jason A Coeliac disease: a unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity |
title | Coeliac disease: a unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity |
title_full | Coeliac disease: a unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity |
title_fullStr | Coeliac disease: a unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity |
title_full_unstemmed | Coeliac disease: a unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity |
title_short | Coeliac disease: a unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity |
title_sort | coeliac disease: a unique model for investigating broken tolerance in autoimmunity |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133362/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27990287 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cti.2016.58 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hardymelinday coeliacdiseaseauniquemodelforinvestigatingbrokentoleranceinautoimmunity AT tyedinjasona coeliacdiseaseauniquemodelforinvestigatingbrokentoleranceinautoimmunity |