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Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs involved in biological and pathological processes of every cell type, including liver cells. Transcribed from specific genes, miRNA precursors are processed in the cytoplasm into mature miRNAs and as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) comple...

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Autores principales: Calvopina, Diego A., Coleman, Miranda A., Lewindon, Peter J., Ramm, Grant A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133796/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27801781
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111795
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author Calvopina, Diego A.
Coleman, Miranda A.
Lewindon, Peter J.
Ramm, Grant A.
author_facet Calvopina, Diego A.
Coleman, Miranda A.
Lewindon, Peter J.
Ramm, Grant A.
author_sort Calvopina, Diego A.
collection PubMed
description MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs involved in biological and pathological processes of every cell type, including liver cells. Transcribed from specific genes, miRNA precursors are processed in the cytoplasm into mature miRNAs and as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) complex binds to messenger RNA (mRNA) by imperfect complementarity. This leads to the regulation of gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. The function of a number of different miRNAs in fibrogenesis associated with the progression of chronic liver disease has recently been elucidated. Furthermore, miRNAs have been shown to be both disease-and tissue-specific and are stable in the circulation, which has led to increasing investigation on their utility as biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases, including those in children. Here, we review the current knowledge on the biogenesis of microRNA, the mechanisms of translational repression and the use of miRNA as circulatory biomarkers in chronic paediatric liver diseases including cystic fibrosis associated liver disease, biliary atresia and viral hepatitis B.
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spelling pubmed-51337962016-12-12 Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease Calvopina, Diego A. Coleman, Miranda A. Lewindon, Peter J. Ramm, Grant A. Int J Mol Sci Review MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs involved in biological and pathological processes of every cell type, including liver cells. Transcribed from specific genes, miRNA precursors are processed in the cytoplasm into mature miRNAs and as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) complex binds to messenger RNA (mRNA) by imperfect complementarity. This leads to the regulation of gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. The function of a number of different miRNAs in fibrogenesis associated with the progression of chronic liver disease has recently been elucidated. Furthermore, miRNAs have been shown to be both disease-and tissue-specific and are stable in the circulation, which has led to increasing investigation on their utility as biomarkers for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases, including those in children. Here, we review the current knowledge on the biogenesis of microRNA, the mechanisms of translational repression and the use of miRNA as circulatory biomarkers in chronic paediatric liver diseases including cystic fibrosis associated liver disease, biliary atresia and viral hepatitis B. MDPI 2016-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC5133796/ /pubmed/27801781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111795 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Calvopina, Diego A.
Coleman, Miranda A.
Lewindon, Peter J.
Ramm, Grant A.
Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease
title Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease
title_full Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease
title_fullStr Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease
title_full_unstemmed Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease
title_short Function and Regulation of MicroRNAs and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Paediatric Liver Disease
title_sort function and regulation of micrornas and their potential as biomarkers in paediatric liver disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133796/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27801781
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111795
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