Cargando…
Taking Advantage of Nature’s Gift: Can Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Improve Myelin Regeneration?
Irreversible functional deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) are directly correlated to axonal damage and loss. Neurodegeneration results from immune-mediated destruction of myelin sheaths and subsequent axonal demyelination. Importantly, oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glial cells of the central n...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133894/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27854261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111895 |
_version_ | 1782471362714009600 |
---|---|
author | Akkermann, Rainer Jadasz, Janusz Joachim Azim, Kasum Küry, Patrick |
author_facet | Akkermann, Rainer Jadasz, Janusz Joachim Azim, Kasum Küry, Patrick |
author_sort | Akkermann, Rainer |
collection | PubMed |
description | Irreversible functional deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) are directly correlated to axonal damage and loss. Neurodegeneration results from immune-mediated destruction of myelin sheaths and subsequent axonal demyelination. Importantly, oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glial cells of the central nervous system, can be replaced to some extent to generate new myelin sheaths. This endogenous regeneration capacity has so far mainly been attributed to the activation and recruitment of resident oligodendroglial precursor cells. As this self-repair process is limited and increasingly fails while MS progresses, much interest has evolved regarding the development of remyelination-promoting strategies and the presence of alternative cell types, which can also contribute to the restoration of myelin sheaths. The adult brain comprises at least two neurogenic niches harboring life-long adult neural stem cells (NSCs). An increasing number of investigations are beginning to shed light on these cells under pathological conditions and revealed a significant potential of NSCs to contribute to myelin repair activities. In this review, these emerging investigations are discussed with respect to the importance of stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms from germinal sources. Moreover, we present key findings of NSC-derived oligodendroglial progeny, including a comprehensive overview of factors and mechanisms involved in this process. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5133894 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51338942016-12-12 Taking Advantage of Nature’s Gift: Can Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Improve Myelin Regeneration? Akkermann, Rainer Jadasz, Janusz Joachim Azim, Kasum Küry, Patrick Int J Mol Sci Review Irreversible functional deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) are directly correlated to axonal damage and loss. Neurodegeneration results from immune-mediated destruction of myelin sheaths and subsequent axonal demyelination. Importantly, oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glial cells of the central nervous system, can be replaced to some extent to generate new myelin sheaths. This endogenous regeneration capacity has so far mainly been attributed to the activation and recruitment of resident oligodendroglial precursor cells. As this self-repair process is limited and increasingly fails while MS progresses, much interest has evolved regarding the development of remyelination-promoting strategies and the presence of alternative cell types, which can also contribute to the restoration of myelin sheaths. The adult brain comprises at least two neurogenic niches harboring life-long adult neural stem cells (NSCs). An increasing number of investigations are beginning to shed light on these cells under pathological conditions and revealed a significant potential of NSCs to contribute to myelin repair activities. In this review, these emerging investigations are discussed with respect to the importance of stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms from germinal sources. Moreover, we present key findings of NSC-derived oligodendroglial progeny, including a comprehensive overview of factors and mechanisms involved in this process. MDPI 2016-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5133894/ /pubmed/27854261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111895 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Akkermann, Rainer Jadasz, Janusz Joachim Azim, Kasum Küry, Patrick Taking Advantage of Nature’s Gift: Can Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Improve Myelin Regeneration? |
title | Taking Advantage of Nature’s Gift: Can Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Improve Myelin Regeneration? |
title_full | Taking Advantage of Nature’s Gift: Can Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Improve Myelin Regeneration? |
title_fullStr | Taking Advantage of Nature’s Gift: Can Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Improve Myelin Regeneration? |
title_full_unstemmed | Taking Advantage of Nature’s Gift: Can Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Improve Myelin Regeneration? |
title_short | Taking Advantage of Nature’s Gift: Can Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Improve Myelin Regeneration? |
title_sort | taking advantage of nature’s gift: can endogenous neural stem cells improve myelin regeneration? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5133894/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27854261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111895 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT akkermannrainer takingadvantageofnaturesgiftcanendogenousneuralstemcellsimprovemyelinregeneration AT jadaszjanuszjoachim takingadvantageofnaturesgiftcanendogenousneuralstemcellsimprovemyelinregeneration AT azimkasum takingadvantageofnaturesgiftcanendogenousneuralstemcellsimprovemyelinregeneration AT kurypatrick takingadvantageofnaturesgiftcanendogenousneuralstemcellsimprovemyelinregeneration |