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Silencing of cryptic prophages in Corynebacterium glutamicum
DNA of viral origin represents a ubiquitous element of bacterial genomes. Its integration into host regulatory circuits is a pivotal driver of microbial evolution but requires the stringent regulation of phage gene activity. In this study, we describe the nucleoid-associated protein CgpS, which repr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5137423/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27492287 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw692 |
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author | Pfeifer, Eugen Hünnefeld, Max Popa, Ovidiu Polen, Tino Kohlheyer, Dietrich Baumgart, Meike Frunzke, Julia |
author_facet | Pfeifer, Eugen Hünnefeld, Max Popa, Ovidiu Polen, Tino Kohlheyer, Dietrich Baumgart, Meike Frunzke, Julia |
author_sort | Pfeifer, Eugen |
collection | PubMed |
description | DNA of viral origin represents a ubiquitous element of bacterial genomes. Its integration into host regulatory circuits is a pivotal driver of microbial evolution but requires the stringent regulation of phage gene activity. In this study, we describe the nucleoid-associated protein CgpS, which represents an essential protein functioning as a xenogeneic silencer in the Gram-positive Corynebacterium glutamicum. CgpS is encoded by the cryptic prophage CGP3 of the C. glutamicum strain ATCC 13032 and was first identified by DNA affinity chromatography using an early phage promoter of CGP3. Genome-wide profiling of CgpS binding using chromatin affinity purification and sequencing (ChAP-Seq) revealed its association with AT-rich DNA elements, including the entire CGP3 prophage region (187 kbp), as well as several other elements acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Countersilencing of CgpS resulted in a significantly increased induction frequency of the CGP3 prophage. In contrast, a strain lacking the CGP3 prophage was not affected and displayed stable growth. In a bioinformatics approach, cgpS orthologs were identified primarily in actinobacterial genomes as well as several phage and prophage genomes. Sequence analysis of 618 orthologous proteins revealed a strong conservation of the secondary structure, supporting an ancient function of these xenogeneic silencers in phage-host interaction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5137423 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51374232016-12-06 Silencing of cryptic prophages in Corynebacterium glutamicum Pfeifer, Eugen Hünnefeld, Max Popa, Ovidiu Polen, Tino Kohlheyer, Dietrich Baumgart, Meike Frunzke, Julia Nucleic Acids Res Gene regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics DNA of viral origin represents a ubiquitous element of bacterial genomes. Its integration into host regulatory circuits is a pivotal driver of microbial evolution but requires the stringent regulation of phage gene activity. In this study, we describe the nucleoid-associated protein CgpS, which represents an essential protein functioning as a xenogeneic silencer in the Gram-positive Corynebacterium glutamicum. CgpS is encoded by the cryptic prophage CGP3 of the C. glutamicum strain ATCC 13032 and was first identified by DNA affinity chromatography using an early phage promoter of CGP3. Genome-wide profiling of CgpS binding using chromatin affinity purification and sequencing (ChAP-Seq) revealed its association with AT-rich DNA elements, including the entire CGP3 prophage region (187 kbp), as well as several other elements acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Countersilencing of CgpS resulted in a significantly increased induction frequency of the CGP3 prophage. In contrast, a strain lacking the CGP3 prophage was not affected and displayed stable growth. In a bioinformatics approach, cgpS orthologs were identified primarily in actinobacterial genomes as well as several phage and prophage genomes. Sequence analysis of 618 orthologous proteins revealed a strong conservation of the secondary structure, supporting an ancient function of these xenogeneic silencers in phage-host interaction. Oxford University Press 2016-12-01 2016-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5137423/ /pubmed/27492287 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw692 Text en © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
spellingShingle | Gene regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics Pfeifer, Eugen Hünnefeld, Max Popa, Ovidiu Polen, Tino Kohlheyer, Dietrich Baumgart, Meike Frunzke, Julia Silencing of cryptic prophages in Corynebacterium glutamicum |
title | Silencing of cryptic prophages in Corynebacterium glutamicum |
title_full | Silencing of cryptic prophages in Corynebacterium glutamicum |
title_fullStr | Silencing of cryptic prophages in Corynebacterium glutamicum |
title_full_unstemmed | Silencing of cryptic prophages in Corynebacterium glutamicum |
title_short | Silencing of cryptic prophages in Corynebacterium glutamicum |
title_sort | silencing of cryptic prophages in corynebacterium glutamicum |
topic | Gene regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5137423/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27492287 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw692 |
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