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Pressure drop of two-phase helium along long cryogenic flexible transfer lines to support a superconducting RF operation at its cryogenic test stand
BACKGROUND: Establishing a stand-alone cryogenic test stand is of vital importance to ensure the highly reliable and available operation of superconducting radio-frequency module in a synchrotron light source. Operating a cryogenic test stand relies strongly on a capability to deliver two-phase heli...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138182/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28018785 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3717-9 |
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author | Chang, M. H. Tsai, M. H. Wang, Ch. Lin, M. C. Chung, F. T. Yeh, M. S. Chang, L. H. Lo, C. H. Yu, T. C. Chen, L. J. Liu, Z. K. |
author_facet | Chang, M. H. Tsai, M. H. Wang, Ch. Lin, M. C. Chung, F. T. Yeh, M. S. Chang, L. H. Lo, C. H. Yu, T. C. Chen, L. J. Liu, Z. K. |
author_sort | Chang, M. H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Establishing a stand-alone cryogenic test stand is of vital importance to ensure the highly reliable and available operation of superconducting radio-frequency module in a synchrotron light source. Operating a cryogenic test stand relies strongly on a capability to deliver two-phase helium along long cryogenic transfer lines. A newly constructed cryogenic test stand with flexible cryogenic transfer lines of length 220 m at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center is required to support a superconducting radio-frequency module operated at 126.0 kPa with a 40-W dynamic load for a long-term reliability test over weeks. It is designed based on a simple analytical approach with the introduction of a so-called tolerance factor that serves to estimate the pressure drops in transferring a two-phase helium flow with a substantial transfer cryogenic heat load. Tolerance factor 1.5 is adopted based on safety factor 1.5 commonly applied in cryogenic designs to estimate the total mass flow rate of liquid helium demanded. A maximum 60-W dynamic load is verified with experiment measured with heater power 60 W instead after the cryogenic test stand has been installed. RESULTS: Aligning the modeled cryogenic accumulated static heat load with the results measured in situ, actual tolerance factor 1.287 is obtained. The feasibility and validity of our simple analytical approach with actual tolerance factor 1.287 have been scrutinized by using five test cases with varied operating conditions. Calculated results show the discrepancies of the pressure drops between the estimated and measured values for both liquid helium and cold gaseous helium transfer lines have an underestimate 0.11 kPa and an overestimate 0.09 kPa, respectively. A discrepancy is foreseen, but remains acceptable for engineering applications from a practical point of view. CONCLUSIONS: The simple analytical approach with the introduction of a tolerance factor can provide not only insight into optimizing the choice of each lossy cryogenic piping element of the transfer lines in the design phase but also firm guidance for upgrading the present cryogenic transfer lines for its subsequent application. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5138182 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51381822016-12-23 Pressure drop of two-phase helium along long cryogenic flexible transfer lines to support a superconducting RF operation at its cryogenic test stand Chang, M. H. Tsai, M. H. Wang, Ch. Lin, M. C. Chung, F. T. Yeh, M. S. Chang, L. H. Lo, C. H. Yu, T. C. Chen, L. J. Liu, Z. K. Springerplus Research BACKGROUND: Establishing a stand-alone cryogenic test stand is of vital importance to ensure the highly reliable and available operation of superconducting radio-frequency module in a synchrotron light source. Operating a cryogenic test stand relies strongly on a capability to deliver two-phase helium along long cryogenic transfer lines. A newly constructed cryogenic test stand with flexible cryogenic transfer lines of length 220 m at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center is required to support a superconducting radio-frequency module operated at 126.0 kPa with a 40-W dynamic load for a long-term reliability test over weeks. It is designed based on a simple analytical approach with the introduction of a so-called tolerance factor that serves to estimate the pressure drops in transferring a two-phase helium flow with a substantial transfer cryogenic heat load. Tolerance factor 1.5 is adopted based on safety factor 1.5 commonly applied in cryogenic designs to estimate the total mass flow rate of liquid helium demanded. A maximum 60-W dynamic load is verified with experiment measured with heater power 60 W instead after the cryogenic test stand has been installed. RESULTS: Aligning the modeled cryogenic accumulated static heat load with the results measured in situ, actual tolerance factor 1.287 is obtained. The feasibility and validity of our simple analytical approach with actual tolerance factor 1.287 have been scrutinized by using five test cases with varied operating conditions. Calculated results show the discrepancies of the pressure drops between the estimated and measured values for both liquid helium and cold gaseous helium transfer lines have an underestimate 0.11 kPa and an overestimate 0.09 kPa, respectively. A discrepancy is foreseen, but remains acceptable for engineering applications from a practical point of view. CONCLUSIONS: The simple analytical approach with the introduction of a tolerance factor can provide not only insight into optimizing the choice of each lossy cryogenic piping element of the transfer lines in the design phase but also firm guidance for upgrading the present cryogenic transfer lines for its subsequent application. Springer International Publishing 2016-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5138182/ /pubmed/28018785 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3717-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Research Chang, M. H. Tsai, M. H. Wang, Ch. Lin, M. C. Chung, F. T. Yeh, M. S. Chang, L. H. Lo, C. H. Yu, T. C. Chen, L. J. Liu, Z. K. Pressure drop of two-phase helium along long cryogenic flexible transfer lines to support a superconducting RF operation at its cryogenic test stand |
title | Pressure drop of two-phase helium along long cryogenic flexible transfer lines to support a superconducting RF operation at its cryogenic test stand |
title_full | Pressure drop of two-phase helium along long cryogenic flexible transfer lines to support a superconducting RF operation at its cryogenic test stand |
title_fullStr | Pressure drop of two-phase helium along long cryogenic flexible transfer lines to support a superconducting RF operation at its cryogenic test stand |
title_full_unstemmed | Pressure drop of two-phase helium along long cryogenic flexible transfer lines to support a superconducting RF operation at its cryogenic test stand |
title_short | Pressure drop of two-phase helium along long cryogenic flexible transfer lines to support a superconducting RF operation at its cryogenic test stand |
title_sort | pressure drop of two-phase helium along long cryogenic flexible transfer lines to support a superconducting rf operation at its cryogenic test stand |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138182/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28018785 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3717-9 |
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