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Diversity of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in wild house mice
Major urinary proteins (MUPs) are often suggested to be highly polymorphic, and thereby provide unique chemical signatures used for individual and genetic kin recognition; however, studies on MUP variability have been lacking. We surveyed populations of wild house mice (Mus musculus musculus), and e...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138617/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27922085 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep38378 |
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author | Thoß, Michaela Enk, Viktoria Yu, Hans Miller, Ingrid Luzynski, Kenneth C. Balint, Boglarka Smith, Steve Razzazi-Fazeli, Ebrahim Penn, Dustin J. |
author_facet | Thoß, Michaela Enk, Viktoria Yu, Hans Miller, Ingrid Luzynski, Kenneth C. Balint, Boglarka Smith, Steve Razzazi-Fazeli, Ebrahim Penn, Dustin J. |
author_sort | Thoß, Michaela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Major urinary proteins (MUPs) are often suggested to be highly polymorphic, and thereby provide unique chemical signatures used for individual and genetic kin recognition; however, studies on MUP variability have been lacking. We surveyed populations of wild house mice (Mus musculus musculus), and examined variation of MUP genes and proteins. We sequenced several Mup genes (9 to 11 loci) and unexpectedly found no inter-individual variation. We also found that microsatellite markers inside the MUP cluster show remarkably low levels of allelic diversity, and significantly lower than the diversity of markers flanking the cluster or other markers in the genome. We found low individual variation in the number and types of MUP proteins using a shotgun proteomic approach, even among mice with variable MUP electrophoretic profiles. We identified gel bands and spots using high-resolution mass spectrometry and discovered that gel-based methods do not separate MUP proteins, and therefore do not provide measures of MUP diversity, as generally assumed. The low diversity and high homology of Mup genes are likely maintained by purifying selection and gene conversion, and our results indicate that the type of selection on MUPs and their adaptive functions need to be re-evaluated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5138617 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51386172016-12-16 Diversity of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in wild house mice Thoß, Michaela Enk, Viktoria Yu, Hans Miller, Ingrid Luzynski, Kenneth C. Balint, Boglarka Smith, Steve Razzazi-Fazeli, Ebrahim Penn, Dustin J. Sci Rep Article Major urinary proteins (MUPs) are often suggested to be highly polymorphic, and thereby provide unique chemical signatures used for individual and genetic kin recognition; however, studies on MUP variability have been lacking. We surveyed populations of wild house mice (Mus musculus musculus), and examined variation of MUP genes and proteins. We sequenced several Mup genes (9 to 11 loci) and unexpectedly found no inter-individual variation. We also found that microsatellite markers inside the MUP cluster show remarkably low levels of allelic diversity, and significantly lower than the diversity of markers flanking the cluster or other markers in the genome. We found low individual variation in the number and types of MUP proteins using a shotgun proteomic approach, even among mice with variable MUP electrophoretic profiles. We identified gel bands and spots using high-resolution mass spectrometry and discovered that gel-based methods do not separate MUP proteins, and therefore do not provide measures of MUP diversity, as generally assumed. The low diversity and high homology of Mup genes are likely maintained by purifying selection and gene conversion, and our results indicate that the type of selection on MUPs and their adaptive functions need to be re-evaluated. Nature Publishing Group 2016-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5138617/ /pubmed/27922085 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep38378 Text en Copyright © 2016, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Thoß, Michaela Enk, Viktoria Yu, Hans Miller, Ingrid Luzynski, Kenneth C. Balint, Boglarka Smith, Steve Razzazi-Fazeli, Ebrahim Penn, Dustin J. Diversity of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in wild house mice |
title | Diversity of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in wild house mice |
title_full | Diversity of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in wild house mice |
title_fullStr | Diversity of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in wild house mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Diversity of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in wild house mice |
title_short | Diversity of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in wild house mice |
title_sort | diversity of major urinary proteins (mups) in wild house mice |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5138617/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27922085 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep38378 |
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