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Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency at birth and associated outcome

BACKGROUND: Occurrence and consequence of cord blood (CB) vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has not been adequately explored despite rising concern regarding this topic in pediatrics. This study was designed to determine the rate, maternal risk factors, and clinical outcomes in infants in associati...

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Autores principales: Marshall, Ian, Mehta, Rajeev, Ayers, Charletta, Dhumal, Smita, Petrova, Anna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146866/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27931209
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0741-4
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author Marshall, Ian
Mehta, Rajeev
Ayers, Charletta
Dhumal, Smita
Petrova, Anna
author_facet Marshall, Ian
Mehta, Rajeev
Ayers, Charletta
Dhumal, Smita
Petrova, Anna
author_sort Marshall, Ian
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Occurrence and consequence of cord blood (CB) vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has not been adequately explored despite rising concern regarding this topic in pediatrics. This study was designed to determine the rate, maternal risk factors, and clinical outcomes in infants in association with vitamin D insufficient/deficient status at birth. METHODS: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) defined levels (ng/mL) were utilized to categorize the vitamin D status in CB samples as deficient (5–15), insufficient (16–20), and sufficient (21–100). We used descriptive statistics and multiple regression models to identify the rate and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and related outcomes in the enrolled mother-infant pairs. RESULTS: This prospective study was conducted at a single center on postpartum women and their infants. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was recorded in 38.9 and 29.8% respectively of the 265 CB samples. Deficient CB vitamin D levels in infants were associated with maternal Black, Hispanic, or Asian race/ethnicity, younger age, and increased number of pregnancies. The likelihood for infants to be born with an insufficient vitamin D level increases with younger maternal age and the number of pregnancies as well as Asian ethnicity. We did not find an association between the vitamin D status at birth and pre-discharge clinical characteristics of the neonates. CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood for an infant to be born with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is relatively high and is related mainly to younger maternal age, gravidity, and non-White race/ethnicity. Our findings raise a question regarding the adequacy of the AAP recommended vitamin D supplementation requirements without knowing the infant’s vitamin D status at birth.
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spelling pubmed-51468662016-12-15 Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency at birth and associated outcome Marshall, Ian Mehta, Rajeev Ayers, Charletta Dhumal, Smita Petrova, Anna BMC Pediatr Research Article BACKGROUND: Occurrence and consequence of cord blood (CB) vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has not been adequately explored despite rising concern regarding this topic in pediatrics. This study was designed to determine the rate, maternal risk factors, and clinical outcomes in infants in association with vitamin D insufficient/deficient status at birth. METHODS: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) defined levels (ng/mL) were utilized to categorize the vitamin D status in CB samples as deficient (5–15), insufficient (16–20), and sufficient (21–100). We used descriptive statistics and multiple regression models to identify the rate and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and related outcomes in the enrolled mother-infant pairs. RESULTS: This prospective study was conducted at a single center on postpartum women and their infants. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was recorded in 38.9 and 29.8% respectively of the 265 CB samples. Deficient CB vitamin D levels in infants were associated with maternal Black, Hispanic, or Asian race/ethnicity, younger age, and increased number of pregnancies. The likelihood for infants to be born with an insufficient vitamin D level increases with younger maternal age and the number of pregnancies as well as Asian ethnicity. We did not find an association between the vitamin D status at birth and pre-discharge clinical characteristics of the neonates. CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood for an infant to be born with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is relatively high and is related mainly to younger maternal age, gravidity, and non-White race/ethnicity. Our findings raise a question regarding the adequacy of the AAP recommended vitamin D supplementation requirements without knowing the infant’s vitamin D status at birth. BioMed Central 2016-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5146866/ /pubmed/27931209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0741-4 Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Marshall, Ian
Mehta, Rajeev
Ayers, Charletta
Dhumal, Smita
Petrova, Anna
Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency at birth and associated outcome
title Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency at birth and associated outcome
title_full Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency at birth and associated outcome
title_fullStr Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency at birth and associated outcome
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency at birth and associated outcome
title_short Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency at birth and associated outcome
title_sort prevalence and risk factors for vitamin d insufficiency and deficiency at birth and associated outcome
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146866/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27931209
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0741-4
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