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Lifestyle factors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in UK Biobank: Implications for epidemiological research

BACKGROUND: The central role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in the diagnosis of prostate cancer leads to the possibility that observational studies that report associations between risk factors and prostate cancer could be affected by detection bias. This study aims to investigate whethe...

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Autores principales: Littlejohns, Thomas J., Travis, Ruth C., Key, Tim J., Allen, Naomi E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5147810/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27693812
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2016.09.010
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author Littlejohns, Thomas J.
Travis, Ruth C.
Key, Tim J.
Allen, Naomi E.
author_facet Littlejohns, Thomas J.
Travis, Ruth C.
Key, Tim J.
Allen, Naomi E.
author_sort Littlejohns, Thomas J.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The central role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in the diagnosis of prostate cancer leads to the possibility that observational studies that report associations between risk factors and prostate cancer could be affected by detection bias. This study aims to investigate whether reported risk factors for prostate cancer are associated with PSA testing in a large middle-aged population-based cohort in the UK. METHODS: The cross-sectional association between a wide range of sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary and health characteristics with PSA testing was examined in 212,039 men aged 40–69 years in UK Biobank. RESULTS: A total of 62,022 (29%) men reported they had ever had a PSA test. A wide range of factors was associated with a higher likelihood of PSA testing including age, height, education level, family history of prostate cancer, black ethnic origin, not being in paid/self-employment, living with a wife or partner, having had a vasectomy, being diagnosed with cancer or hypertension and having a high dietary intake of cereal, cooked and salad/raw vegetables, fresh fruit and tea. Conversely, socioeconomic deprivation, Asian ethnic origin, current smoking, low alcohol intake, high body-mass index, high coffee consumption and being diagnosed with diabetes, heart disease or stroke were associated with a lower likelihood of PSA testing. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related characteristics are associated with PSA testing, suggesting that observed associations of some of these traits with risk for prostate cancer in epidemiological studies may be, at least partially, due to detection bias.
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spelling pubmed-51478102016-12-15 Lifestyle factors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in UK Biobank: Implications for epidemiological research Littlejohns, Thomas J. Travis, Ruth C. Key, Tim J. Allen, Naomi E. Cancer Epidemiol Article BACKGROUND: The central role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in the diagnosis of prostate cancer leads to the possibility that observational studies that report associations between risk factors and prostate cancer could be affected by detection bias. This study aims to investigate whether reported risk factors for prostate cancer are associated with PSA testing in a large middle-aged population-based cohort in the UK. METHODS: The cross-sectional association between a wide range of sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary and health characteristics with PSA testing was examined in 212,039 men aged 40–69 years in UK Biobank. RESULTS: A total of 62,022 (29%) men reported they had ever had a PSA test. A wide range of factors was associated with a higher likelihood of PSA testing including age, height, education level, family history of prostate cancer, black ethnic origin, not being in paid/self-employment, living with a wife or partner, having had a vasectomy, being diagnosed with cancer or hypertension and having a high dietary intake of cereal, cooked and salad/raw vegetables, fresh fruit and tea. Conversely, socioeconomic deprivation, Asian ethnic origin, current smoking, low alcohol intake, high body-mass index, high coffee consumption and being diagnosed with diabetes, heart disease or stroke were associated with a lower likelihood of PSA testing. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related characteristics are associated with PSA testing, suggesting that observed associations of some of these traits with risk for prostate cancer in epidemiological studies may be, at least partially, due to detection bias. Elsevier 2016-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5147810/ /pubmed/27693812 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2016.09.010 Text en © 2016 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Littlejohns, Thomas J.
Travis, Ruth C.
Key, Tim J.
Allen, Naomi E.
Lifestyle factors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in UK Biobank: Implications for epidemiological research
title Lifestyle factors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in UK Biobank: Implications for epidemiological research
title_full Lifestyle factors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in UK Biobank: Implications for epidemiological research
title_fullStr Lifestyle factors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in UK Biobank: Implications for epidemiological research
title_full_unstemmed Lifestyle factors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in UK Biobank: Implications for epidemiological research
title_short Lifestyle factors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in UK Biobank: Implications for epidemiological research
title_sort lifestyle factors and prostate-specific antigen (psa) testing in uk biobank: implications for epidemiological research
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5147810/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27693812
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2016.09.010
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