Elevated Type II Secretory Phospholipase A2 Increases the Risk of Early Atherosclerosis in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Metabolic Syndrome

A critical association between type II secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIa) and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated. However, the contribution of sPLA2-IIa to early atherosclerosis remains unknown. This study investigated the association between early-stage atherosclerosis and sPLA2-IIa in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. One hundred and thirty-six MetS patients and 120 age- and gender-matched subjects without MetS were included. Serum sPLA2-IIa protein levels and activity were measured using commercial kits. Circulating endothelial activation molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and P-selectin), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), were measured as parameters of vascular endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerosis. MetS patients exhibited significantly higher sPLA2-IIa protein and activity levels than the controls. Both correlated positively with fasting blood glucose and waist circumference in MetS patients. Additionally, MetS patients exhibited strikingly higher levels of endothelial activation molecules and increased cIMT than controls. These levels correlated positively with serum sPLA2-IIa protein levels and activity. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that high sPLA2-IIa protein and activity levels were independent risk factors of early atherosclerosis in MetS patients. This study demonstrates an independent association between early-stage atherosclerosis and increased levels of sPLA2-IIa, implying that increased sPLA2-IIa may predict early-stage atherosclerosis in MetS patients.