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Place of technosphere inhaled insulin in treatment of diabetes
Technosphere insulin (TI), Afrezza, is a powder form of short-acting regular insulin taken by oral inhalation with meals. Action of TI peaks after approximately 40-60 min and lasts for 2-3 h. TI is slightly less effective than subcutaneous insulin aspart, with mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction o...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5155233/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28031777 http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v7.i20.599 |
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author | Mikhail, Nasser |
author_facet | Mikhail, Nasser |
author_sort | Mikhail, Nasser |
collection | PubMed |
description | Technosphere insulin (TI), Afrezza, is a powder form of short-acting regular insulin taken by oral inhalation with meals. Action of TI peaks after approximately 40-60 min and lasts for 2-3 h. TI is slightly less effective than subcutaneous insulin aspart, with mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction of 0.21% and 0.4%, respectively. When compared with technosphere inhaled placebo, the decrease in HbA1c levels was 0.8% and 0.4% with TI and placebo, respectively. Compared with insulin aspart, TI is associated with lower risk of late post-prandial hypoglycemia and weight gain. Apart from hypoglycemia, cough is the most common adverse effect of TI reported by 24%-33% of patients vs 2% with insulin aspart. TI is contraindicated in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While TI is an attractive option of prandial insulin, its use is limited by frequent occurrence of cough, need for periodic monitoring of pulmonary function, and lack of long-term safety data. Candidates for use of TI are patients having frequent hypoglycemia while using short-acting subcutaneous insulin, particularly late post-prandial hypoglycemia, patients with needle phobia, and those who cannot tolerate subcutaneous insulin due to skin reactions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5155233 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Baishideng Publishing Group Inc |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51552332016-12-29 Place of technosphere inhaled insulin in treatment of diabetes Mikhail, Nasser World J Diabetes Minireviews Technosphere insulin (TI), Afrezza, is a powder form of short-acting regular insulin taken by oral inhalation with meals. Action of TI peaks after approximately 40-60 min and lasts for 2-3 h. TI is slightly less effective than subcutaneous insulin aspart, with mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction of 0.21% and 0.4%, respectively. When compared with technosphere inhaled placebo, the decrease in HbA1c levels was 0.8% and 0.4% with TI and placebo, respectively. Compared with insulin aspart, TI is associated with lower risk of late post-prandial hypoglycemia and weight gain. Apart from hypoglycemia, cough is the most common adverse effect of TI reported by 24%-33% of patients vs 2% with insulin aspart. TI is contraindicated in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While TI is an attractive option of prandial insulin, its use is limited by frequent occurrence of cough, need for periodic monitoring of pulmonary function, and lack of long-term safety data. Candidates for use of TI are patients having frequent hypoglycemia while using short-acting subcutaneous insulin, particularly late post-prandial hypoglycemia, patients with needle phobia, and those who cannot tolerate subcutaneous insulin due to skin reactions. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2016-12-15 2016-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5155233/ /pubmed/28031777 http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v7.i20.599 Text en ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. |
spellingShingle | Minireviews Mikhail, Nasser Place of technosphere inhaled insulin in treatment of diabetes |
title | Place of technosphere inhaled insulin in treatment of diabetes |
title_full | Place of technosphere inhaled insulin in treatment of diabetes |
title_fullStr | Place of technosphere inhaled insulin in treatment of diabetes |
title_full_unstemmed | Place of technosphere inhaled insulin in treatment of diabetes |
title_short | Place of technosphere inhaled insulin in treatment of diabetes |
title_sort | place of technosphere inhaled insulin in treatment of diabetes |
topic | Minireviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5155233/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28031777 http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v7.i20.599 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mikhailnasser placeoftechnosphereinhaledinsulinintreatmentofdiabetes |