Transcatheter Valve Unable to Cure Patient–Prosthesis Mismatch of Mosaic Bioprosthesis

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been recently established as a less invasive alternative to conventional aortic valve replacement (CAVR) in patients presenting with expected high procedural risk. The rapid technologic advances and the recent improvement of clinical outcomes with TAVI have made it possible to treat degenerated bioprosthesis using the valve-in-valve implantation concept (Walther T, Simon P, Dewey T, et al. Transapical minimally invasive aortic valve implantation: multicenter experience. Circulation 2007;116(11, Suppl):I240–I245; Webb JG, Pasupati S, Humphries K, et al. Percutaneous transarterial aortic valve replacement in selected high-risk patients with aortic stenosis. Circulation 2007;116(7):755–763). Recently, concerns were raised regarding the appropriate sizing of transcatheter valve prosthesis and its effect on residual stenosis (Klaaborg KE, Egeblad H, Jakobsen CJ, et al. Transapical transcatheter treatment of a stenosed aortic valve bioprosthesis using the Edwards SAPIEN Transcatheter Heart Valve. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;87(6):1943–1946; Zedig R, Achouh P, Berrebi A, et al. Valve- in- a- valve implantation: a word of caution. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;87:1943–1946), eventually resulting in a patient–prosthesis mismatch (PPM). We report a case with severe PPM after inserting a 23-mm Sapien (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, United States) valve into degenerated 23-mm Medtronic Mosaic prosthesis (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States).