The role of ultrasound in the management of undescended testes before and after orchidopexy – an update

The aim of this study was to evaluate the testicular volume and structure using ultrasound (US) before and up to 3 years after orchidopexy in children with different age. A total of 128 patients underwent orchidopexy for undescended testes. Afterwards, patients were invited for annual follow-up and control scrotal US. The total number of analyzed testes after orchidopexy was 184. Patients were divided according to age at the time of surgery: group I (2–4 years old), group II (5–7), and group III (8–10). In all patients, the testicular volume ratio was calculated as the operated testes volume versus the control testes mean volume. There was an increase in the median ratio in all age groups, from 0.86 to 0.95 in group I, 0.82 to 0.92 in group II and 0.78 to 0.90 in group III. In group of the patients 2 to 4 years old the growth of the ratio 3 years after surgery was statistically significant. Abnormalities in the structure of the testes, which may indicate severe damage to the testis, were seen in approximately 20% of patients on initial exams. On follow-up exams, this type of structure remained in 7% of patients. Testes with an initial ratio <0.25 and inhomogeneous structure did not show any significant growth. Scrotal US can be used for an accurate comparative assessment of the structure and growth of the testes before and after orchidopexy. Abnormalities in the structure of the testes may identify testes requiring more advanced methods of evaluation.