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New Electrochemically-Modified Carbon Paste Inclusion β-Cyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes Sensors for Quantification of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride

The present article introduces a new approach to fabricate carbon paste sensors, including carbon paste, modified carbon paste inclusion β-cyclodextrin, and carbon nanotubes for the quantification of dorzolamide hydrochloride (DRZ). This study is mainly based on the construction of three different c...

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Autores principales: Alarfaj, Nawal Ahmad, El-Tohamy, Maha Farouk
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5187827/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27918458
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122027
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author Alarfaj, Nawal Ahmad
El-Tohamy, Maha Farouk
author_facet Alarfaj, Nawal Ahmad
El-Tohamy, Maha Farouk
author_sort Alarfaj, Nawal Ahmad
collection PubMed
description The present article introduces a new approach to fabricate carbon paste sensors, including carbon paste, modified carbon paste inclusion β-cyclodextrin, and carbon nanotubes for the quantification of dorzolamide hydrochloride (DRZ). This study is mainly based on the construction of three different carbon paste sensors by the incorporation of DRZ with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) to form dorzolamide-phosphotungstate (DRZ-PT) as an electroactive material in the presence of the solvent mediator ortho-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE). The fabricated conventional carbon paste sensor (sensor I), as well as the other modified carbon paste sensors using β-cyclodextrin (sensor II) and carbon nanotubes (sensor III), have been investigated. The sensors displayed Nernstian responses of 55.4 ± 0.6, 56.4 ± 0.4 and 58.1 ± 0.2 mV·decade(−1) over concentration ranges of 1.0 × 10(−5)–1.0 × 10(−2), 1.0 × 10(−6)–1.0 × 10(−2), and 5.0 × 10(−8)–1.0 × 10(−2) mol·L(−1) with lower detection limits of 5.0 × 10(−6), 5.0 × 10(−7), and 2.5 × 10(−9) mol·L(−1) for sensors I, II, and III, respectively. The critical performance of the developed sensors was checked with respect to the effect of various parameters, including pH, selectivity, response time, linear concentration relationship, lifespan, etc. Method validation was applied according to the international conference on harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use ICH guidelines. The developed sensors were employed for the determination of DRZ in its bulk and dosage forms, as well as bio-samples. The observed data were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained from other published methods.
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spelling pubmed-51878272016-12-30 New Electrochemically-Modified Carbon Paste Inclusion β-Cyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes Sensors for Quantification of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride Alarfaj, Nawal Ahmad El-Tohamy, Maha Farouk Int J Mol Sci Article The present article introduces a new approach to fabricate carbon paste sensors, including carbon paste, modified carbon paste inclusion β-cyclodextrin, and carbon nanotubes for the quantification of dorzolamide hydrochloride (DRZ). This study is mainly based on the construction of three different carbon paste sensors by the incorporation of DRZ with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) to form dorzolamide-phosphotungstate (DRZ-PT) as an electroactive material in the presence of the solvent mediator ortho-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE). The fabricated conventional carbon paste sensor (sensor I), as well as the other modified carbon paste sensors using β-cyclodextrin (sensor II) and carbon nanotubes (sensor III), have been investigated. The sensors displayed Nernstian responses of 55.4 ± 0.6, 56.4 ± 0.4 and 58.1 ± 0.2 mV·decade(−1) over concentration ranges of 1.0 × 10(−5)–1.0 × 10(−2), 1.0 × 10(−6)–1.0 × 10(−2), and 5.0 × 10(−8)–1.0 × 10(−2) mol·L(−1) with lower detection limits of 5.0 × 10(−6), 5.0 × 10(−7), and 2.5 × 10(−9) mol·L(−1) for sensors I, II, and III, respectively. The critical performance of the developed sensors was checked with respect to the effect of various parameters, including pH, selectivity, response time, linear concentration relationship, lifespan, etc. Method validation was applied according to the international conference on harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use ICH guidelines. The developed sensors were employed for the determination of DRZ in its bulk and dosage forms, as well as bio-samples. The observed data were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained from other published methods. MDPI 2016-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC5187827/ /pubmed/27918458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122027 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alarfaj, Nawal Ahmad
El-Tohamy, Maha Farouk
New Electrochemically-Modified Carbon Paste Inclusion β-Cyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes Sensors for Quantification of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride
title New Electrochemically-Modified Carbon Paste Inclusion β-Cyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes Sensors for Quantification of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride
title_full New Electrochemically-Modified Carbon Paste Inclusion β-Cyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes Sensors for Quantification of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride
title_fullStr New Electrochemically-Modified Carbon Paste Inclusion β-Cyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes Sensors for Quantification of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride
title_full_unstemmed New Electrochemically-Modified Carbon Paste Inclusion β-Cyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes Sensors for Quantification of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride
title_short New Electrochemically-Modified Carbon Paste Inclusion β-Cyclodextrin and Carbon Nanotubes Sensors for Quantification of Dorzolamide Hydrochloride
title_sort new electrochemically-modified carbon paste inclusion β-cyclodextrin and carbon nanotubes sensors for quantification of dorzolamide hydrochloride
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5187827/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27918458
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122027
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