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Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain

That the nervous system is the main target of lead (Pb) has long been considered an established fact until recent evidence has linked the Pb effect on the immune system to the toxic effects of Pb on the nervous system. In this paper, we present recent literature reports on the effect of Pb on the in...

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Autores principales: Chibowska, Karina, Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena, Falkowska, Anna, Gutowska, Izabela, Goschorska, Marta, Chlubek, Dariusz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5187940/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27999370
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122140
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author Chibowska, Karina
Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena
Falkowska, Anna
Gutowska, Izabela
Goschorska, Marta
Chlubek, Dariusz
author_facet Chibowska, Karina
Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena
Falkowska, Anna
Gutowska, Izabela
Goschorska, Marta
Chlubek, Dariusz
author_sort Chibowska, Karina
collection PubMed
description That the nervous system is the main target of lead (Pb) has long been considered an established fact until recent evidence has linked the Pb effect on the immune system to the toxic effects of Pb on the nervous system. In this paper, we present recent literature reports on the effect of Pb on the inflammatory processes in the brain, particularly the expression of selected cytokines in the brain (interleukin 6, TGF-β1, interleukin 16, interleukin 18, and interleukin 10); expression and activity of enzymes participating in the inflammatory processes, such as cyclooxygenase 2, caspase 1, nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS 2) and proteases (carboxypeptidases, metalloproteinases and chymotrypsin); and the expression of purine receptors P2X4 and P2X7. A significant role in the development of inflammatory processes in the brain is also played by microglia (residual macrophages in the brain and the spinal cord), which act as the first line of defense in the central nervous system, and astrocytes—Whose most important function is to maintain homeostasis for the proper functioning of neurons. In this paper, we also present evidence that exposure to Pb may result in micro and astrogliosis by triggering TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling cascade and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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spelling pubmed-51879402016-12-30 Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain Chibowska, Karina Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena Falkowska, Anna Gutowska, Izabela Goschorska, Marta Chlubek, Dariusz Int J Mol Sci Review That the nervous system is the main target of lead (Pb) has long been considered an established fact until recent evidence has linked the Pb effect on the immune system to the toxic effects of Pb on the nervous system. In this paper, we present recent literature reports on the effect of Pb on the inflammatory processes in the brain, particularly the expression of selected cytokines in the brain (interleukin 6, TGF-β1, interleukin 16, interleukin 18, and interleukin 10); expression and activity of enzymes participating in the inflammatory processes, such as cyclooxygenase 2, caspase 1, nitrogen oxide synthase (NOS 2) and proteases (carboxypeptidases, metalloproteinases and chymotrypsin); and the expression of purine receptors P2X4 and P2X7. A significant role in the development of inflammatory processes in the brain is also played by microglia (residual macrophages in the brain and the spinal cord), which act as the first line of defense in the central nervous system, and astrocytes—Whose most important function is to maintain homeostasis for the proper functioning of neurons. In this paper, we also present evidence that exposure to Pb may result in micro and astrogliosis by triggering TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling cascade and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. MDPI 2016-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5187940/ /pubmed/27999370 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122140 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chibowska, Karina
Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena
Falkowska, Anna
Gutowska, Izabela
Goschorska, Marta
Chlubek, Dariusz
Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain
title Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain
title_full Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain
title_fullStr Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain
title_short Effect of Lead (Pb) on Inflammatory Processes in the Brain
title_sort effect of lead (pb) on inflammatory processes in the brain
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5187940/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27999370
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17122140
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