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The dynamic relationship between cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spikes and the spikelet number of complex spikes
KEY POINTS: Purkinje cells are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex and fire two distinct types of action potential: simple spikes and complex spikes. Previous studies have mainly considered complex spikes as unitary events, even though the waveform is composed of varying numbers of spikelets. T...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5199739/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27265808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/JP272259 |
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author | Burroughs, Amelia Wise, Andrew K. Xiao, Jianqiang Houghton, Conor Tang, Tianyu Suh, Colleen Y. Lang, Eric J. Apps, Richard Cerminara, Nadia L. |
author_facet | Burroughs, Amelia Wise, Andrew K. Xiao, Jianqiang Houghton, Conor Tang, Tianyu Suh, Colleen Y. Lang, Eric J. Apps, Richard Cerminara, Nadia L. |
author_sort | Burroughs, Amelia |
collection | PubMed |
description | KEY POINTS: Purkinje cells are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex and fire two distinct types of action potential: simple spikes and complex spikes. Previous studies have mainly considered complex spikes as unitary events, even though the waveform is composed of varying numbers of spikelets. The extent to which differences in spikelet number affect simple spike activity (and vice versa) remains unclear. We found that complex spikes with greater numbers of spikelets are preceded by higher simple spike firing rates but, following the complex spike, simple spikes are reduced in a manner that is graded with spikelet number. This dynamic interaction has important implications for cerebellar information processing, and suggests that complex spike spikelet number may maintain Purkinje cells within their operational range. ABSTRACT: Purkinje cells are central to cerebellar function because they form the sole output of the cerebellar cortex. They exhibit two distinct types of action potential: simple spikes and complex spikes. It is widely accepted that interaction between these two types of impulse is central to cerebellar cortical information processing. Previous investigations of the interactions between simple spikes and complex spikes have mainly considered complex spikes as unitary events. However, complex spikes are composed of an initial large spike followed by a number of secondary components, termed spikelets. The number of spikelets within individual complex spikes is highly variable and the extent to which differences in complex spike spikelet number affects simple spike activity (and vice versa) remains poorly understood. In anaesthetized adult rats, we have found that Purkinje cells recorded from the posterior lobe vermis and hemisphere have high simple spike firing frequencies that precede complex spikes with greater numbers of spikelets. This finding was also evident in a small sample of Purkinje cells recorded from the posterior lobe hemisphere in awake cats. In addition, complex spikes with a greater number of spikelets were associated with a subsequent reduction in simple spike firing rate. We therefore suggest that one important function of spikelets is the modulation of Purkinje cell simple spike firing frequency, which has implications for controlling cerebellar cortical output and motor learning. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5199739 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-51997392016-12-30 The dynamic relationship between cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spikes and the spikelet number of complex spikes Burroughs, Amelia Wise, Andrew K. Xiao, Jianqiang Houghton, Conor Tang, Tianyu Suh, Colleen Y. Lang, Eric J. Apps, Richard Cerminara, Nadia L. J Physiol Neuroscience ‐ Behavioural/Systems/Cognitive KEY POINTS: Purkinje cells are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex and fire two distinct types of action potential: simple spikes and complex spikes. Previous studies have mainly considered complex spikes as unitary events, even though the waveform is composed of varying numbers of spikelets. The extent to which differences in spikelet number affect simple spike activity (and vice versa) remains unclear. We found that complex spikes with greater numbers of spikelets are preceded by higher simple spike firing rates but, following the complex spike, simple spikes are reduced in a manner that is graded with spikelet number. This dynamic interaction has important implications for cerebellar information processing, and suggests that complex spike spikelet number may maintain Purkinje cells within their operational range. ABSTRACT: Purkinje cells are central to cerebellar function because they form the sole output of the cerebellar cortex. They exhibit two distinct types of action potential: simple spikes and complex spikes. It is widely accepted that interaction between these two types of impulse is central to cerebellar cortical information processing. Previous investigations of the interactions between simple spikes and complex spikes have mainly considered complex spikes as unitary events. However, complex spikes are composed of an initial large spike followed by a number of secondary components, termed spikelets. The number of spikelets within individual complex spikes is highly variable and the extent to which differences in complex spike spikelet number affects simple spike activity (and vice versa) remains poorly understood. In anaesthetized adult rats, we have found that Purkinje cells recorded from the posterior lobe vermis and hemisphere have high simple spike firing frequencies that precede complex spikes with greater numbers of spikelets. This finding was also evident in a small sample of Purkinje cells recorded from the posterior lobe hemisphere in awake cats. In addition, complex spikes with a greater number of spikelets were associated with a subsequent reduction in simple spike firing rate. We therefore suggest that one important function of spikelets is the modulation of Purkinje cell simple spike firing frequency, which has implications for controlling cerebellar cortical output and motor learning. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-07-07 2017-01-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5199739/ /pubmed/27265808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/JP272259 Text en © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Physiological Society This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License,which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience ‐ Behavioural/Systems/Cognitive Burroughs, Amelia Wise, Andrew K. Xiao, Jianqiang Houghton, Conor Tang, Tianyu Suh, Colleen Y. Lang, Eric J. Apps, Richard Cerminara, Nadia L. The dynamic relationship between cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spikes and the spikelet number of complex spikes |
title | The dynamic relationship between cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spikes and the spikelet number of complex spikes |
title_full | The dynamic relationship between cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spikes and the spikelet number of complex spikes |
title_fullStr | The dynamic relationship between cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spikes and the spikelet number of complex spikes |
title_full_unstemmed | The dynamic relationship between cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spikes and the spikelet number of complex spikes |
title_short | The dynamic relationship between cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spikes and the spikelet number of complex spikes |
title_sort | dynamic relationship between cerebellar purkinje cell simple spikes and the spikelet number of complex spikes |
topic | Neuroscience ‐ Behavioural/Systems/Cognitive |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5199739/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27265808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/JP272259 |
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