Health Effects Due to Radionuclides Content of Solid Minerals within Port of Richards Bay, South Africa

This study assessed the radiological health hazards to various body organs of workers working within Transnet Precinct in Richards Bay in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa due to radionuclide content of mineral ores often stored within the facility. Thirty samples were collected from five mineral ores (rock phosphate, rutile, zircon, coal and hematite) and analyzed for (238)U, (234)U, (226)Ra, (210)Pb, (235)U, (232)Th, (228)Ra, (228)Th and (40)K using delayed neutron activation analysis and low energy gamma spectroscopy. Rutile was found to be the most radioactive mineral ore within the facility with (210)Pb concentration of 759.00 ± 106.00 Bq·kg(−1). Effective annual dose rate in (mSv·y(−1)) delivered to different organs of the body: testes, bone marrow, whole body, lungs and ovaries from mineral ores were such that dose from mineral ores decreased in the order coal > rutile > rock phosphate > hematite > zircon. The organs with the highest received dose rate were the testes and this received dose was from coal. However, all of the calculated absorbed dose rates to organs of the body were below the maximum permissible safety limits.