Cargando…
Exoplanetary Atmospheres—Chemistry, Formation Conditions, and Habitability
Characterizing the atmospheres of extrasolar planets is the new frontier in exoplanetary science. The last two decades of exoplanet discoveries have revealed that exoplanets are very common and extremely diverse in their orbital and bulk properties. We now enter a new era as we begin to investigate...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
2016
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5207327/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057962 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0254-3 |
_version_ | 1782490345158737920 |
---|---|
author | Madhusudhan, Nikku Agúndez, Marcelino Moses, Julianne I Hu, Yongyun |
author_facet | Madhusudhan, Nikku Agúndez, Marcelino Moses, Julianne I Hu, Yongyun |
author_sort | Madhusudhan, Nikku |
collection | PubMed |
description | Characterizing the atmospheres of extrasolar planets is the new frontier in exoplanetary science. The last two decades of exoplanet discoveries have revealed that exoplanets are very common and extremely diverse in their orbital and bulk properties. We now enter a new era as we begin to investigate the chemical diversity of exoplanets, their atmospheric and interior processes, and their formation conditions. Recent developments in the field have led to unprecedented advancements in our understanding of atmospheric chemistry of exoplanets and the implications for their formation conditions. We review these developments in the present work. We review in detail the theory of atmospheric chemistry in all classes of exoplanets discovered to date, from highly irradiated gas giants, ice giants, and super-Earths, to directly imaged giant planets at large orbital separations. We then review the observational detections of chemical species in exoplanetary atmospheres of these various types using different methods, including transit spectroscopy, Doppler spectroscopy, and direct imaging. In addition to chemical detections, we discuss the advances in determining chemical abundances in these atmospheres and how such abundances are being used to constrain exoplanetary formation conditions and migration mechanisms. Finally, we review recent theoretical work on the atmospheres of habitable exoplanets, followed by a discussion of future outlook of the field. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5207327 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52073272017-01-03 Exoplanetary Atmospheres—Chemistry, Formation Conditions, and Habitability Madhusudhan, Nikku Agúndez, Marcelino Moses, Julianne I Hu, Yongyun Space Sci Rev Article Characterizing the atmospheres of extrasolar planets is the new frontier in exoplanetary science. The last two decades of exoplanet discoveries have revealed that exoplanets are very common and extremely diverse in their orbital and bulk properties. We now enter a new era as we begin to investigate the chemical diversity of exoplanets, their atmospheric and interior processes, and their formation conditions. Recent developments in the field have led to unprecedented advancements in our understanding of atmospheric chemistry of exoplanets and the implications for their formation conditions. We review these developments in the present work. We review in detail the theory of atmospheric chemistry in all classes of exoplanets discovered to date, from highly irradiated gas giants, ice giants, and super-Earths, to directly imaged giant planets at large orbital separations. We then review the observational detections of chemical species in exoplanetary atmospheres of these various types using different methods, including transit spectroscopy, Doppler spectroscopy, and direct imaging. In addition to chemical detections, we discuss the advances in determining chemical abundances in these atmospheres and how such abundances are being used to constrain exoplanetary formation conditions and migration mechanisms. Finally, we review recent theoretical work on the atmospheres of habitable exoplanets, followed by a discussion of future outlook of the field. 2016-05-12 2016-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5207327/ /pubmed/28057962 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0254-3 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Article Madhusudhan, Nikku Agúndez, Marcelino Moses, Julianne I Hu, Yongyun Exoplanetary Atmospheres—Chemistry, Formation Conditions, and Habitability |
title | Exoplanetary Atmospheres—Chemistry, Formation Conditions, and Habitability |
title_full | Exoplanetary Atmospheres—Chemistry, Formation Conditions, and Habitability |
title_fullStr | Exoplanetary Atmospheres—Chemistry, Formation Conditions, and Habitability |
title_full_unstemmed | Exoplanetary Atmospheres—Chemistry, Formation Conditions, and Habitability |
title_short | Exoplanetary Atmospheres—Chemistry, Formation Conditions, and Habitability |
title_sort | exoplanetary atmospheres—chemistry, formation conditions, and habitability |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5207327/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057962 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0254-3 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT madhusudhannikku exoplanetaryatmosphereschemistryformationconditionsandhabitability AT agundezmarcelino exoplanetaryatmosphereschemistryformationconditionsandhabitability AT mosesjuliannei exoplanetaryatmosphereschemistryformationconditionsandhabitability AT huyongyun exoplanetaryatmosphereschemistryformationconditionsandhabitability |