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Affective Norms for Italian Words in Older Adults: Age Differences in Ratings of Valence, Arousal and Dominance

In line with the dimensional theory of emotional space, we developed affective norms for words rated in terms of valence, arousal and dominance in a group of older adults to complete the adaptation of the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) for Italian and to aid research on aging. Here, as in...

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Autores principales: Fairfield, Beth, Ambrosini, Ettore, Mammarella, Nicola, Montefinese, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5207701/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28046070
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169472
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author Fairfield, Beth
Ambrosini, Ettore
Mammarella, Nicola
Montefinese, Maria
author_facet Fairfield, Beth
Ambrosini, Ettore
Mammarella, Nicola
Montefinese, Maria
author_sort Fairfield, Beth
collection PubMed
description In line with the dimensional theory of emotional space, we developed affective norms for words rated in terms of valence, arousal and dominance in a group of older adults to complete the adaptation of the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) for Italian and to aid research on aging. Here, as in the original Italian ANEW database, participants evaluated valence, arousal, and dominance by means of the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) in a paper-and-pencil procedure. We observed high split-half reliabilities within the older sample and high correlations with the affective ratings of previous research, especially for valence, suggesting that there is large agreement among older adults within and across-languages. More importantly, we found high correlations between younger and older adults, showing that our data are generalizable across different ages. However, despite this across-ages accord, we obtained age-related differences on three affective dimensions for a great number of words. In particular, older adults rated as more arousing and more unpleasant a number of words that younger adults rated as moderately unpleasant and arousing in our previous affective norms. Moreover, older participants rated negative stimuli as more arousing and positive stimuli as less arousing than younger participants, thus leading to a less-curved distribution of ratings in the valence by arousal space. We also found more extreme ratings for older adults for the relationship between dominance and arousal: older adults gave lower dominance and higher arousal ratings for words rated by younger adults with middle dominance and arousal values. Together, these results suggest that our affective norms are reliable and can be confidently used to select words matched for the affective dimensions of valence, arousal and dominance across younger and older participants for future research in aging.
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spelling pubmed-52077012017-01-19 Affective Norms for Italian Words in Older Adults: Age Differences in Ratings of Valence, Arousal and Dominance Fairfield, Beth Ambrosini, Ettore Mammarella, Nicola Montefinese, Maria PLoS One Research Article In line with the dimensional theory of emotional space, we developed affective norms for words rated in terms of valence, arousal and dominance in a group of older adults to complete the adaptation of the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) for Italian and to aid research on aging. Here, as in the original Italian ANEW database, participants evaluated valence, arousal, and dominance by means of the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) in a paper-and-pencil procedure. We observed high split-half reliabilities within the older sample and high correlations with the affective ratings of previous research, especially for valence, suggesting that there is large agreement among older adults within and across-languages. More importantly, we found high correlations between younger and older adults, showing that our data are generalizable across different ages. However, despite this across-ages accord, we obtained age-related differences on three affective dimensions for a great number of words. In particular, older adults rated as more arousing and more unpleasant a number of words that younger adults rated as moderately unpleasant and arousing in our previous affective norms. Moreover, older participants rated negative stimuli as more arousing and positive stimuli as less arousing than younger participants, thus leading to a less-curved distribution of ratings in the valence by arousal space. We also found more extreme ratings for older adults for the relationship between dominance and arousal: older adults gave lower dominance and higher arousal ratings for words rated by younger adults with middle dominance and arousal values. Together, these results suggest that our affective norms are reliable and can be confidently used to select words matched for the affective dimensions of valence, arousal and dominance across younger and older participants for future research in aging. Public Library of Science 2017-01-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5207701/ /pubmed/28046070 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169472 Text en © 2017 Fairfield et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Fairfield, Beth
Ambrosini, Ettore
Mammarella, Nicola
Montefinese, Maria
Affective Norms for Italian Words in Older Adults: Age Differences in Ratings of Valence, Arousal and Dominance
title Affective Norms for Italian Words in Older Adults: Age Differences in Ratings of Valence, Arousal and Dominance
title_full Affective Norms for Italian Words in Older Adults: Age Differences in Ratings of Valence, Arousal and Dominance
title_fullStr Affective Norms for Italian Words in Older Adults: Age Differences in Ratings of Valence, Arousal and Dominance
title_full_unstemmed Affective Norms for Italian Words in Older Adults: Age Differences in Ratings of Valence, Arousal and Dominance
title_short Affective Norms for Italian Words in Older Adults: Age Differences in Ratings of Valence, Arousal and Dominance
title_sort affective norms for italian words in older adults: age differences in ratings of valence, arousal and dominance
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5207701/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28046070
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169472
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