Cargando…
Different Effects of Implicit and Explicit Motor Sequence Learning on Latency of Motor Evoked Potential Evoked by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex
Motor training induces plastic changes in the primary motor cortex (M1). However, it is unclear whether and how the latency of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and MEP amplitude are affected by implicit and/or explicit motor learning. Here, we investigated the changes in M1 excitability and MEP latency...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5209357/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28101014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00671 |
_version_ | 1782490724715986944 |
---|---|
author | Hirano, Masato Kubota, Shinji Koizume, Yoshiki Tanaka, Shinya Funase, Kozo |
author_facet | Hirano, Masato Kubota, Shinji Koizume, Yoshiki Tanaka, Shinya Funase, Kozo |
author_sort | Hirano, Masato |
collection | PubMed |
description | Motor training induces plastic changes in the primary motor cortex (M1). However, it is unclear whether and how the latency of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and MEP amplitude are affected by implicit and/or explicit motor learning. Here, we investigated the changes in M1 excitability and MEP latency induced by implicit and explicit motor learning. The subjects performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT) with their five fingers. In this task, visual cues were lit up sequentially along with a predetermined order. Through training, the subjects learned the order of sequence implicitly and explicitly. Before and after the SRTT, we recorded MEP at 25 stimulation points around the hot spot for the flexor pollicis brevis (FPB) muscle. Although no changes in MEP amplitude were observed in either session, we found increases in MEP latency and changes in histogram of MEP latency after implicit learning. Our results suggest that reorganization across the motor cortices occurs during the acquisition of implicit knowledge. In contrast, acquisition of explicit knowledge does not appear to induce the reorganization based on the measures we recorded. The fact that the above mentioned increases in MEP latency occurred without any alterations in MEP amplitude suggests that learning has different effects on different physiological signals. In conclusion, our results propose that analyzing a combination of some indices of M1 excitability, such as MEP amplitude and MEP latency, is encouraged in order to understand plasticity across motor cortices. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5209357 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52093572017-01-18 Different Effects of Implicit and Explicit Motor Sequence Learning on Latency of Motor Evoked Potential Evoked by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex Hirano, Masato Kubota, Shinji Koizume, Yoshiki Tanaka, Shinya Funase, Kozo Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Motor training induces plastic changes in the primary motor cortex (M1). However, it is unclear whether and how the latency of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and MEP amplitude are affected by implicit and/or explicit motor learning. Here, we investigated the changes in M1 excitability and MEP latency induced by implicit and explicit motor learning. The subjects performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT) with their five fingers. In this task, visual cues were lit up sequentially along with a predetermined order. Through training, the subjects learned the order of sequence implicitly and explicitly. Before and after the SRTT, we recorded MEP at 25 stimulation points around the hot spot for the flexor pollicis brevis (FPB) muscle. Although no changes in MEP amplitude were observed in either session, we found increases in MEP latency and changes in histogram of MEP latency after implicit learning. Our results suggest that reorganization across the motor cortices occurs during the acquisition of implicit knowledge. In contrast, acquisition of explicit knowledge does not appear to induce the reorganization based on the measures we recorded. The fact that the above mentioned increases in MEP latency occurred without any alterations in MEP amplitude suggests that learning has different effects on different physiological signals. In conclusion, our results propose that analyzing a combination of some indices of M1 excitability, such as MEP amplitude and MEP latency, is encouraged in order to understand plasticity across motor cortices. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5209357/ /pubmed/28101014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00671 Text en Copyright © 2017 Hirano, Kubota, Koizume, Tanaka and Funase. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Hirano, Masato Kubota, Shinji Koizume, Yoshiki Tanaka, Shinya Funase, Kozo Different Effects of Implicit and Explicit Motor Sequence Learning on Latency of Motor Evoked Potential Evoked by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex |
title | Different Effects of Implicit and Explicit Motor Sequence Learning on Latency of Motor Evoked Potential Evoked by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex |
title_full | Different Effects of Implicit and Explicit Motor Sequence Learning on Latency of Motor Evoked Potential Evoked by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex |
title_fullStr | Different Effects of Implicit and Explicit Motor Sequence Learning on Latency of Motor Evoked Potential Evoked by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex |
title_full_unstemmed | Different Effects of Implicit and Explicit Motor Sequence Learning on Latency of Motor Evoked Potential Evoked by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex |
title_short | Different Effects of Implicit and Explicit Motor Sequence Learning on Latency of Motor Evoked Potential Evoked by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex |
title_sort | different effects of implicit and explicit motor sequence learning on latency of motor evoked potential evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation on the primary motor cortex |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5209357/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28101014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00671 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT hiranomasato differenteffectsofimplicitandexplicitmotorsequencelearningonlatencyofmotorevokedpotentialevokedbytranscranialmagneticstimulationontheprimarymotorcortex AT kubotashinji differenteffectsofimplicitandexplicitmotorsequencelearningonlatencyofmotorevokedpotentialevokedbytranscranialmagneticstimulationontheprimarymotorcortex AT koizumeyoshiki differenteffectsofimplicitandexplicitmotorsequencelearningonlatencyofmotorevokedpotentialevokedbytranscranialmagneticstimulationontheprimarymotorcortex AT tanakashinya differenteffectsofimplicitandexplicitmotorsequencelearningonlatencyofmotorevokedpotentialevokedbytranscranialmagneticstimulationontheprimarymotorcortex AT funasekozo differenteffectsofimplicitandexplicitmotorsequencelearningonlatencyofmotorevokedpotentialevokedbytranscranialmagneticstimulationontheprimarymotorcortex |