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The driving force of prophages and CRISPR-Cas system in the evolution of Cronobacter sakazakii

Cronobacter sakazakii is an important foodborne pathogens causing rare but life-threatening diseases in neonates and infants. CRISPR-Cas system is a new prokaryotic defense system that provides adaptive immunity against phages, latter play an vital role on the evolution and pathogenicity of host bac...

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Autores principales: Zeng, Haiyan, Zhang, Jumei, Li, Chensi, Xie, Tengfei, Ling, Na, Wu, Qingping, Ye, Yingwang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5216340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057934
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40206
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author Zeng, Haiyan
Zhang, Jumei
Li, Chensi
Xie, Tengfei
Ling, Na
Wu, Qingping
Ye, Yingwang
author_facet Zeng, Haiyan
Zhang, Jumei
Li, Chensi
Xie, Tengfei
Ling, Na
Wu, Qingping
Ye, Yingwang
author_sort Zeng, Haiyan
collection PubMed
description Cronobacter sakazakii is an important foodborne pathogens causing rare but life-threatening diseases in neonates and infants. CRISPR-Cas system is a new prokaryotic defense system that provides adaptive immunity against phages, latter play an vital role on the evolution and pathogenicity of host bacteria. In this study, we found that genome sizes of C. sakazakii strains had a significant positive correlation with total genome sizes of prophages. Prophages contributed to 16.57% of the genetic diversity (pan genome) of C. sakazakii, some of which maybe the potential virulence factors. Subtype I-E CRISPR-Cas system and five types of CRISPR arrays were found in the conserved site of C. sakazakii strains. CRISPR1 and CRISPR2 loci with high variable spacers were active and showed potential protection against phage attacks. The number of spacers from two active CRISPR loci in clinical strains was significant less than that of foodborne strains, it maybe a reason why clinical strains were found to have more prophages than foodborne strains. The frequently gain/loss of prophages and spacers in CRISPR loci is likely to drive the quick evolution of C. sakazakii. Our study provides a new insight into the co-evolution of phages and C. sakazakii.
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spelling pubmed-52163402017-01-09 The driving force of prophages and CRISPR-Cas system in the evolution of Cronobacter sakazakii Zeng, Haiyan Zhang, Jumei Li, Chensi Xie, Tengfei Ling, Na Wu, Qingping Ye, Yingwang Sci Rep Article Cronobacter sakazakii is an important foodborne pathogens causing rare but life-threatening diseases in neonates and infants. CRISPR-Cas system is a new prokaryotic defense system that provides adaptive immunity against phages, latter play an vital role on the evolution and pathogenicity of host bacteria. In this study, we found that genome sizes of C. sakazakii strains had a significant positive correlation with total genome sizes of prophages. Prophages contributed to 16.57% of the genetic diversity (pan genome) of C. sakazakii, some of which maybe the potential virulence factors. Subtype I-E CRISPR-Cas system and five types of CRISPR arrays were found in the conserved site of C. sakazakii strains. CRISPR1 and CRISPR2 loci with high variable spacers were active and showed potential protection against phage attacks. The number of spacers from two active CRISPR loci in clinical strains was significant less than that of foodborne strains, it maybe a reason why clinical strains were found to have more prophages than foodborne strains. The frequently gain/loss of prophages and spacers in CRISPR loci is likely to drive the quick evolution of C. sakazakii. Our study provides a new insight into the co-evolution of phages and C. sakazakii. Nature Publishing Group 2017-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5216340/ /pubmed/28057934 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40206 Text en Copyright © 2017, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Zeng, Haiyan
Zhang, Jumei
Li, Chensi
Xie, Tengfei
Ling, Na
Wu, Qingping
Ye, Yingwang
The driving force of prophages and CRISPR-Cas system in the evolution of Cronobacter sakazakii
title The driving force of prophages and CRISPR-Cas system in the evolution of Cronobacter sakazakii
title_full The driving force of prophages and CRISPR-Cas system in the evolution of Cronobacter sakazakii
title_fullStr The driving force of prophages and CRISPR-Cas system in the evolution of Cronobacter sakazakii
title_full_unstemmed The driving force of prophages and CRISPR-Cas system in the evolution of Cronobacter sakazakii
title_short The driving force of prophages and CRISPR-Cas system in the evolution of Cronobacter sakazakii
title_sort driving force of prophages and crispr-cas system in the evolution of cronobacter sakazakii
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5216340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28057934
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep40206
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