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Kirsten Ras* oncogene: Significance of its discovery in human cancer research
The KRAS/ K-RAS oncogene is crucially involved in human cancer. The term “oncogene” – i.e., a gene able to transform a normal cell into a tumor cell – was introduced in 1969, but the word was not used in the human carcinogenesis literature until much later. Transforming Kras and Hras oncogenes from...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Impact Journals LLC
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5216832/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102293 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.8773 |
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author | Tsuchida, Nobuo Murugan, Avaniyapuram Kannan Grieco, Michele |
author_facet | Tsuchida, Nobuo Murugan, Avaniyapuram Kannan Grieco, Michele |
author_sort | Tsuchida, Nobuo |
collection | PubMed |
description | The KRAS/ K-RAS oncogene is crucially involved in human cancer. The term “oncogene” – i.e., a gene able to transform a normal cell into a tumor cell – was introduced in 1969, but the word was not used in the human carcinogenesis literature until much later. Transforming Kras and Hras oncogenes from the Kirsten and Harvey sarcoma viruses were not identified until the early 1980s due to the complicated structures of the viral genomes. Orthologs of these viral oncogenes were then found in transforming DNA fragments in human cancers in the form of mutated versions of the HRAS and KRAS proto-oncogenes. Thus, RAS genes were the first human oncogenes to be identified. Subsequent studies showed that mutated KRAS acted as an in vivo oncogenic driver, as indicated by studies of anti-EGFR therapy for metastatic colorectal cancers. This review addresses the historical background and experimental studies that led to the discovery ofKirsten Ras as an oncogene, the role of mutated KRAS in human carcinogenesis, and recent therapeutic studies of cancer cells with KRAS mutations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5216832 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Impact Journals LLC |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52168322017-01-15 Kirsten Ras* oncogene: Significance of its discovery in human cancer research Tsuchida, Nobuo Murugan, Avaniyapuram Kannan Grieco, Michele Oncotarget Review The KRAS/ K-RAS oncogene is crucially involved in human cancer. The term “oncogene” – i.e., a gene able to transform a normal cell into a tumor cell – was introduced in 1969, but the word was not used in the human carcinogenesis literature until much later. Transforming Kras and Hras oncogenes from the Kirsten and Harvey sarcoma viruses were not identified until the early 1980s due to the complicated structures of the viral genomes. Orthologs of these viral oncogenes were then found in transforming DNA fragments in human cancers in the form of mutated versions of the HRAS and KRAS proto-oncogenes. Thus, RAS genes were the first human oncogenes to be identified. Subsequent studies showed that mutated KRAS acted as an in vivo oncogenic driver, as indicated by studies of anti-EGFR therapy for metastatic colorectal cancers. This review addresses the historical background and experimental studies that led to the discovery ofKirsten Ras as an oncogene, the role of mutated KRAS in human carcinogenesis, and recent therapeutic studies of cancer cells with KRAS mutations. Impact Journals LLC 2016-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC5216832/ /pubmed/27102293 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.8773 Text en Copyright: © 2016 Tsuchida et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Review Tsuchida, Nobuo Murugan, Avaniyapuram Kannan Grieco, Michele Kirsten Ras* oncogene: Significance of its discovery in human cancer research |
title | Kirsten Ras* oncogene: Significance of its discovery in human cancer research |
title_full | Kirsten Ras* oncogene: Significance of its discovery in human cancer research |
title_fullStr | Kirsten Ras* oncogene: Significance of its discovery in human cancer research |
title_full_unstemmed | Kirsten Ras* oncogene: Significance of its discovery in human cancer research |
title_short | Kirsten Ras* oncogene: Significance of its discovery in human cancer research |
title_sort | kirsten ras* oncogene: significance of its discovery in human cancer research |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5216832/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102293 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.8773 |
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