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Genetic relatedness of faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria isolated from water and sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa
To date, the microbiological quality of river sediments and its impact on water resources are not included in the water quality monitoring assessment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish genetic relatedness between faecal coliforms and enterococci isolated from the river water and rive...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5218955/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28063147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-016-0319-4 |
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author | Ekwanzala, Mutshiene Deogratias Abia, Akebe Luther King Ubomba-Jaswa, Eunice Keshri, Jitendra Momba, Ndombo Benteke Maggy |
author_facet | Ekwanzala, Mutshiene Deogratias Abia, Akebe Luther King Ubomba-Jaswa, Eunice Keshri, Jitendra Momba, Ndombo Benteke Maggy |
author_sort | Ekwanzala, Mutshiene Deogratias |
collection | PubMed |
description | To date, the microbiological quality of river sediments and its impact on water resources are not included in the water quality monitoring assessment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish genetic relatedness between faecal coliforms and enterococci isolated from the river water and riverbed sediments of Apies River to better understand the genetic similarity of microorganisms between the sediment and water phases. Indicator bacteria were subjected to a molecular study, which consisted of PCR amplification and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene using specific primers for faecal coliforms and enterococci, respectively. Results revealed that the Apies River had high faecal pollution levels with enterococci showing low to moderate correlation coefficient (r(2) values ranged from 0.2605 to 0.7499) compared to the faecal coliforms which showed zero to low correlation (r(2) values ranged from 0.0027 to 0.1407) indicating that enterococci may be better indicator than faecal coliforms for detecting faecal contamination in riverbed sediments. The phylogenetic tree of faecal coliforms revealed a 98% homology among their nucleotide sequences confirming the close genetic relatedness between river water and riverbed sediment isolates. The phylogenetic tree of the enterococci showed that Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the predominant species found in both river water and riverbed sediments with bootstrap values of ≥99%. A high degree of genetic relatedness between sediment and water isolates indicated a possible common ancestry and transmission pathway. We recommend the microbial monitoring of riverbed sediments as it harbours more diverse microbial community and once resuspended may cause health and environmental problems. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13568-016-0319-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5218955 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52189552017-01-18 Genetic relatedness of faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria isolated from water and sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa Ekwanzala, Mutshiene Deogratias Abia, Akebe Luther King Ubomba-Jaswa, Eunice Keshri, Jitendra Momba, Ndombo Benteke Maggy AMB Express Original Article To date, the microbiological quality of river sediments and its impact on water resources are not included in the water quality monitoring assessment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish genetic relatedness between faecal coliforms and enterococci isolated from the river water and riverbed sediments of Apies River to better understand the genetic similarity of microorganisms between the sediment and water phases. Indicator bacteria were subjected to a molecular study, which consisted of PCR amplification and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene using specific primers for faecal coliforms and enterococci, respectively. Results revealed that the Apies River had high faecal pollution levels with enterococci showing low to moderate correlation coefficient (r(2) values ranged from 0.2605 to 0.7499) compared to the faecal coliforms which showed zero to low correlation (r(2) values ranged from 0.0027 to 0.1407) indicating that enterococci may be better indicator than faecal coliforms for detecting faecal contamination in riverbed sediments. The phylogenetic tree of faecal coliforms revealed a 98% homology among their nucleotide sequences confirming the close genetic relatedness between river water and riverbed sediment isolates. The phylogenetic tree of the enterococci showed that Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are the predominant species found in both river water and riverbed sediments with bootstrap values of ≥99%. A high degree of genetic relatedness between sediment and water isolates indicated a possible common ancestry and transmission pathway. We recommend the microbial monitoring of riverbed sediments as it harbours more diverse microbial community and once resuspended may cause health and environmental problems. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13568-016-0319-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2017-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5218955/ /pubmed/28063147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-016-0319-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Ekwanzala, Mutshiene Deogratias Abia, Akebe Luther King Ubomba-Jaswa, Eunice Keshri, Jitendra Momba, Ndombo Benteke Maggy Genetic relatedness of faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria isolated from water and sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa |
title | Genetic relatedness of faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria isolated from water and sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa |
title_full | Genetic relatedness of faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria isolated from water and sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa |
title_fullStr | Genetic relatedness of faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria isolated from water and sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | Genetic relatedness of faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria isolated from water and sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa |
title_short | Genetic relatedness of faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria isolated from water and sediments of the Apies River, Gauteng, South Africa |
title_sort | genetic relatedness of faecal coliforms and enterococci bacteria isolated from water and sediments of the apies river, gauteng, south africa |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5218955/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28063147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-016-0319-4 |
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