Cargando…
Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose
Plants are currently experiencing increasing salinity problems due to irrigation with brackish water. Moreover, in fields, roots can grow in soils which show spatial variation in water content and salt concentration, also because of the type of irrigation. Salinity impairs crop growth and productivi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5220018/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28119716 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02035 |
_version_ | 1782492552714256384 |
---|---|
author | Annunziata, Maria Grazia Ciarmiello, Loredana F. Woodrow, Pasqualina Maximova, Eugenia Fuggi, Amodio Carillo, Petronia |
author_facet | Annunziata, Maria Grazia Ciarmiello, Loredana F. Woodrow, Pasqualina Maximova, Eugenia Fuggi, Amodio Carillo, Petronia |
author_sort | Annunziata, Maria Grazia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Plants are currently experiencing increasing salinity problems due to irrigation with brackish water. Moreover, in fields, roots can grow in soils which show spatial variation in water content and salt concentration, also because of the type of irrigation. Salinity impairs crop growth and productivity by inhibiting many physiological and metabolic processes, in particular nitrate uptake, translocation, and assimilation. Salinity determines an increase of sap osmolality from about 305 mOsmol kg(−1) in control roots to about 530 mOsmol kg(−1) in roots under salinity. Root cells adapt to salinity by sequestering sodium in the vacuole, as a cheap osmoticum, and showing a rearrangement of few nitrogen-containing metabolites and sucrose in the cytosol, both for osmotic adjustment and oxidative stress protection, thus providing plant viability even at low nitrate levels. Mainly glycine betaine and sucrose at low nitrate concentration, and glycine betaine, asparagine and proline at high nitrate levels can be assumed responsible for the osmotic adjustment of the cytosol, the assimilation of the excess of ammonium and the scavenging of ROS under salinity. High nitrate plants with half of the root system under salinity accumulate proline and glutamine in both control and salt stressed split roots, revealing that osmotic adjustment is not a regional effect in plants. The expression level and enzymatic activities of asparagine synthetase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, as well as other enzymatic activities of nitrogen and carbon metabolism, are analyzed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5220018 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52200182017-01-24 Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose Annunziata, Maria Grazia Ciarmiello, Loredana F. Woodrow, Pasqualina Maximova, Eugenia Fuggi, Amodio Carillo, Petronia Front Plant Sci Plant Science Plants are currently experiencing increasing salinity problems due to irrigation with brackish water. Moreover, in fields, roots can grow in soils which show spatial variation in water content and salt concentration, also because of the type of irrigation. Salinity impairs crop growth and productivity by inhibiting many physiological and metabolic processes, in particular nitrate uptake, translocation, and assimilation. Salinity determines an increase of sap osmolality from about 305 mOsmol kg(−1) in control roots to about 530 mOsmol kg(−1) in roots under salinity. Root cells adapt to salinity by sequestering sodium in the vacuole, as a cheap osmoticum, and showing a rearrangement of few nitrogen-containing metabolites and sucrose in the cytosol, both for osmotic adjustment and oxidative stress protection, thus providing plant viability even at low nitrate levels. Mainly glycine betaine and sucrose at low nitrate concentration, and glycine betaine, asparagine and proline at high nitrate levels can be assumed responsible for the osmotic adjustment of the cytosol, the assimilation of the excess of ammonium and the scavenging of ROS under salinity. High nitrate plants with half of the root system under salinity accumulate proline and glutamine in both control and salt stressed split roots, revealing that osmotic adjustment is not a regional effect in plants. The expression level and enzymatic activities of asparagine synthetase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, as well as other enzymatic activities of nitrogen and carbon metabolism, are analyzed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5220018/ /pubmed/28119716 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02035 Text en Copyright © 2017 Annunziata, Ciarmiello, Woodrow, Maximova, Fuggi and Carillo. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Annunziata, Maria Grazia Ciarmiello, Loredana F. Woodrow, Pasqualina Maximova, Eugenia Fuggi, Amodio Carillo, Petronia Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose |
title | Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose |
title_full | Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose |
title_fullStr | Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose |
title_full_unstemmed | Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose |
title_short | Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose |
title_sort | durum wheat roots adapt to salinity remodeling the cellular content of nitrogen metabolites and sucrose |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5220018/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28119716 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02035 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT annunziatamariagrazia durumwheatrootsadapttosalinityremodelingthecellularcontentofnitrogenmetabolitesandsucrose AT ciarmielloloredanaf durumwheatrootsadapttosalinityremodelingthecellularcontentofnitrogenmetabolitesandsucrose AT woodrowpasqualina durumwheatrootsadapttosalinityremodelingthecellularcontentofnitrogenmetabolitesandsucrose AT maximovaeugenia durumwheatrootsadapttosalinityremodelingthecellularcontentofnitrogenmetabolitesandsucrose AT fuggiamodio durumwheatrootsadapttosalinityremodelingthecellularcontentofnitrogenmetabolitesandsucrose AT carillopetronia durumwheatrootsadapttosalinityremodelingthecellularcontentofnitrogenmetabolitesandsucrose |