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Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose

Plants are currently experiencing increasing salinity problems due to irrigation with brackish water. Moreover, in fields, roots can grow in soils which show spatial variation in water content and salt concentration, also because of the type of irrigation. Salinity impairs crop growth and productivi...

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Autores principales: Annunziata, Maria Grazia, Ciarmiello, Loredana F., Woodrow, Pasqualina, Maximova, Eugenia, Fuggi, Amodio, Carillo, Petronia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5220018/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28119716
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02035
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author Annunziata, Maria Grazia
Ciarmiello, Loredana F.
Woodrow, Pasqualina
Maximova, Eugenia
Fuggi, Amodio
Carillo, Petronia
author_facet Annunziata, Maria Grazia
Ciarmiello, Loredana F.
Woodrow, Pasqualina
Maximova, Eugenia
Fuggi, Amodio
Carillo, Petronia
author_sort Annunziata, Maria Grazia
collection PubMed
description Plants are currently experiencing increasing salinity problems due to irrigation with brackish water. Moreover, in fields, roots can grow in soils which show spatial variation in water content and salt concentration, also because of the type of irrigation. Salinity impairs crop growth and productivity by inhibiting many physiological and metabolic processes, in particular nitrate uptake, translocation, and assimilation. Salinity determines an increase of sap osmolality from about 305 mOsmol kg(−1) in control roots to about 530 mOsmol kg(−1) in roots under salinity. Root cells adapt to salinity by sequestering sodium in the vacuole, as a cheap osmoticum, and showing a rearrangement of few nitrogen-containing metabolites and sucrose in the cytosol, both for osmotic adjustment and oxidative stress protection, thus providing plant viability even at low nitrate levels. Mainly glycine betaine and sucrose at low nitrate concentration, and glycine betaine, asparagine and proline at high nitrate levels can be assumed responsible for the osmotic adjustment of the cytosol, the assimilation of the excess of ammonium and the scavenging of ROS under salinity. High nitrate plants with half of the root system under salinity accumulate proline and glutamine in both control and salt stressed split roots, revealing that osmotic adjustment is not a regional effect in plants. The expression level and enzymatic activities of asparagine synthetase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, as well as other enzymatic activities of nitrogen and carbon metabolism, are analyzed.
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spelling pubmed-52200182017-01-24 Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose Annunziata, Maria Grazia Ciarmiello, Loredana F. Woodrow, Pasqualina Maximova, Eugenia Fuggi, Amodio Carillo, Petronia Front Plant Sci Plant Science Plants are currently experiencing increasing salinity problems due to irrigation with brackish water. Moreover, in fields, roots can grow in soils which show spatial variation in water content and salt concentration, also because of the type of irrigation. Salinity impairs crop growth and productivity by inhibiting many physiological and metabolic processes, in particular nitrate uptake, translocation, and assimilation. Salinity determines an increase of sap osmolality from about 305 mOsmol kg(−1) in control roots to about 530 mOsmol kg(−1) in roots under salinity. Root cells adapt to salinity by sequestering sodium in the vacuole, as a cheap osmoticum, and showing a rearrangement of few nitrogen-containing metabolites and sucrose in the cytosol, both for osmotic adjustment and oxidative stress protection, thus providing plant viability even at low nitrate levels. Mainly glycine betaine and sucrose at low nitrate concentration, and glycine betaine, asparagine and proline at high nitrate levels can be assumed responsible for the osmotic adjustment of the cytosol, the assimilation of the excess of ammonium and the scavenging of ROS under salinity. High nitrate plants with half of the root system under salinity accumulate proline and glutamine in both control and salt stressed split roots, revealing that osmotic adjustment is not a regional effect in plants. The expression level and enzymatic activities of asparagine synthetase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, as well as other enzymatic activities of nitrogen and carbon metabolism, are analyzed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5220018/ /pubmed/28119716 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02035 Text en Copyright © 2017 Annunziata, Ciarmiello, Woodrow, Maximova, Fuggi and Carillo. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Annunziata, Maria Grazia
Ciarmiello, Loredana F.
Woodrow, Pasqualina
Maximova, Eugenia
Fuggi, Amodio
Carillo, Petronia
Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose
title Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose
title_full Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose
title_fullStr Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose
title_full_unstemmed Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose
title_short Durum Wheat Roots Adapt to Salinity Remodeling the Cellular Content of Nitrogen Metabolites and Sucrose
title_sort durum wheat roots adapt to salinity remodeling the cellular content of nitrogen metabolites and sucrose
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5220018/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28119716
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02035
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