Risk Factors of Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) were mostly based on selective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cases, and risk factors of CI-AKI after emergency PCI are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors of CI-AKI in a Chinese population undergoing emergency PCI. METHODS: A total of 1061 consecutive patients undergoing emergency PCI during January 2013 and June 2015 were enrolled and divided into CI-AKI and non-CI-AKI group. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to identify the risk factors of CI-AKI in emergency PCI patients. CI-AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥25% or ≥0.5 mg/dl (44.2 μmol/L) above baseline within 3 days after exposure to contrast medium. RESULTS: The incidence of CI-AKI in patients undergoing emergency PCI was 22.7% (241/1061). Logistic multivariable analysis showed that body surface area (BSA) (odds ratio [OR] 0.213, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.075–0.607, P = 0.004), history of myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 1.642, 95% CI: 1.079–2.499, P = 0.021), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR 0.969, 95% CI: 0.944–0.994, P = 0.015), hemoglobin (Hb) (OR 0.988, 95% CI: 0.976–1.000, P = 0.045), estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR 1.027, 95% CI: 1.018–1.037, P < 0.001), left anterior descending (LAD) stented (OR 1.464, 95% CI: 1.000–2.145, P = 0.050), aspirin (OR 0.097, 95%CI: 0.009–0.987, P = 0.049), and diuretics use (OR 1.850, 95% CI: 1.233–2.777, P = 0.003) were independent predictors of CI-AKI in patients undergoing emergency PCI. CONCLUSION: History of MI, low BSA, LVEF and Hb level, LAD stented, and diuretics use are associated with increased risk of CI-AKI in patients undergoing emergency PCI.