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The regulation of host defences to infection by the microbiota

The skin and mucosal epithelia of humans and other mammals are permanently colonized by large microbial communities (the microbiota). Due to this life‐long association with the microbiota, these microbes have an extensive influence over the physiology of their host organism. It is now becoming appar...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Brown, Rebecca L., Clarke, Thomas B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5221693/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27311879
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imm.12634
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author Brown, Rebecca L.
Clarke, Thomas B.
author_facet Brown, Rebecca L.
Clarke, Thomas B.
author_sort Brown, Rebecca L.
collection PubMed
description The skin and mucosal epithelia of humans and other mammals are permanently colonized by large microbial communities (the microbiota). Due to this life‐long association with the microbiota, these microbes have an extensive influence over the physiology of their host organism. It is now becoming apparent that nearly all tissues and organ systems, whether in direct contact with the microbiota or in deeper host sites, are under microbial influence. The immune system is perhaps the most profoundly affected, with the microbiota programming both its innate and adaptive arms. The regulation of immunity by the microbiota helps to protect the host against intestinal and extra‐intestinal infection by many classes of pathogen. In this review, we will discuss the experimental evidence supporting a role for the microbiota in regulating host defences to extra‐intestinal infection, draw together common mechanistic themes, including the central role of pattern recognition receptors, and outline outstanding questions that need to be answered.
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spelling pubmed-52216932017-01-17 The regulation of host defences to infection by the microbiota Brown, Rebecca L. Clarke, Thomas B. Immunology Microbiota Interactions with Innate and Adaptive Immunity Review Series The skin and mucosal epithelia of humans and other mammals are permanently colonized by large microbial communities (the microbiota). Due to this life‐long association with the microbiota, these microbes have an extensive influence over the physiology of their host organism. It is now becoming apparent that nearly all tissues and organ systems, whether in direct contact with the microbiota or in deeper host sites, are under microbial influence. The immune system is perhaps the most profoundly affected, with the microbiota programming both its innate and adaptive arms. The regulation of immunity by the microbiota helps to protect the host against intestinal and extra‐intestinal infection by many classes of pathogen. In this review, we will discuss the experimental evidence supporting a role for the microbiota in regulating host defences to extra‐intestinal infection, draw together common mechanistic themes, including the central role of pattern recognition receptors, and outline outstanding questions that need to be answered. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-08-09 2017-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5221693/ /pubmed/27311879 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imm.12634 Text en © 2016 The Authors. Immunology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Microbiota Interactions with Innate and Adaptive Immunity Review Series
Brown, Rebecca L.
Clarke, Thomas B.
The regulation of host defences to infection by the microbiota
title The regulation of host defences to infection by the microbiota
title_full The regulation of host defences to infection by the microbiota
title_fullStr The regulation of host defences to infection by the microbiota
title_full_unstemmed The regulation of host defences to infection by the microbiota
title_short The regulation of host defences to infection by the microbiota
title_sort regulation of host defences to infection by the microbiota
topic Microbiota Interactions with Innate and Adaptive Immunity Review Series
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5221693/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27311879
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imm.12634
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