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A Pilot Investigation of the Relationship between Climate Variability and Milk Compounds under the Bootstrap Technique
This study analyzes the linear relationship between climate variables and milk components in Iran by applying bootstrapping to include and assess the uncertainty. The climate parameters, Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI) are computed from the NASA-Modern Era Ret...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5224549/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28231215 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods4030420 |
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author | Marami Milani, Mohammad Reza Hense, Andreas Rahmani, Elham Ploeger, Angelika |
author_facet | Marami Milani, Mohammad Reza Hense, Andreas Rahmani, Elham Ploeger, Angelika |
author_sort | Marami Milani, Mohammad Reza |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study analyzes the linear relationship between climate variables and milk components in Iran by applying bootstrapping to include and assess the uncertainty. The climate parameters, Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI) are computed from the NASA-Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (NASA-MERRA) reanalysis (2002–2010). Milk data for fat, protein (measured on fresh matter bases), and milk yield are taken from 936,227 milk records for the same period, using cows fed by natural pasture from April to September. Confidence intervals for the regression model are calculated using the bootstrap technique. This method is applied to the original times series, generating statistically equivalent surrogate samples. As a result, despite the short time data and the related uncertainties, an interesting behavior of the relationships between milk compound and the climate parameters is visible. During spring only, a weak dependency of milk yield and climate variations is obvious, while fat and protein concentrations show reasonable correlations. In summer, milk yield shows a similar level of relationship with ETI, but not with temperature and THI. We suggest this methodology for studies in the field of the impacts of climate change and agriculture, also environment and food with short-term data. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5224549 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52245492017-02-15 A Pilot Investigation of the Relationship between Climate Variability and Milk Compounds under the Bootstrap Technique Marami Milani, Mohammad Reza Hense, Andreas Rahmani, Elham Ploeger, Angelika Foods Article This study analyzes the linear relationship between climate variables and milk components in Iran by applying bootstrapping to include and assess the uncertainty. The climate parameters, Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and Equivalent Temperature Index (ETI) are computed from the NASA-Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (NASA-MERRA) reanalysis (2002–2010). Milk data for fat, protein (measured on fresh matter bases), and milk yield are taken from 936,227 milk records for the same period, using cows fed by natural pasture from April to September. Confidence intervals for the regression model are calculated using the bootstrap technique. This method is applied to the original times series, generating statistically equivalent surrogate samples. As a result, despite the short time data and the related uncertainties, an interesting behavior of the relationships between milk compound and the climate parameters is visible. During spring only, a weak dependency of milk yield and climate variations is obvious, while fat and protein concentrations show reasonable correlations. In summer, milk yield shows a similar level of relationship with ETI, but not with temperature and THI. We suggest this methodology for studies in the field of the impacts of climate change and agriculture, also environment and food with short-term data. MDPI 2015-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5224549/ /pubmed/28231215 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods4030420 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Marami Milani, Mohammad Reza Hense, Andreas Rahmani, Elham Ploeger, Angelika A Pilot Investigation of the Relationship between Climate Variability and Milk Compounds under the Bootstrap Technique |
title | A Pilot Investigation of the Relationship between Climate Variability and Milk Compounds under the Bootstrap Technique |
title_full | A Pilot Investigation of the Relationship between Climate Variability and Milk Compounds under the Bootstrap Technique |
title_fullStr | A Pilot Investigation of the Relationship between Climate Variability and Milk Compounds under the Bootstrap Technique |
title_full_unstemmed | A Pilot Investigation of the Relationship between Climate Variability and Milk Compounds under the Bootstrap Technique |
title_short | A Pilot Investigation of the Relationship between Climate Variability and Milk Compounds under the Bootstrap Technique |
title_sort | pilot investigation of the relationship between climate variability and milk compounds under the bootstrap technique |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5224549/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28231215 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods4030420 |
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