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Making sense of the cause of Crohn’s – a new look at an old disease
The cause of Crohn’s disease (CD) has posed a conundrum for at least a century. A large body of work coupled with recent technological advances in genome research have at last started to provide some of the answers. Initially this review seeks to explain and to differentiate between bowel inflammati...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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F1000Research
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5224693/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28105308 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9699.2 |
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author | Segal, Anthony W. |
author_facet | Segal, Anthony W. |
author_sort | Segal, Anthony W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The cause of Crohn’s disease (CD) has posed a conundrum for at least a century. A large body of work coupled with recent technological advances in genome research have at last started to provide some of the answers. Initially this review seeks to explain and to differentiate between bowel inflammation in the primary immunodeficiencies that generally lead to very early onset diffuse bowel inflammation in humans and in animal models, and the real syndrome of CD. In the latter, a trigger, almost certainly enteric infection by one of a multitude of organisms, allows the faeces access to the tissues, at which stage the response of individuals predisposed to CD is abnormal. Direct investigation of patients’ inflammatory response together with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and DNA sequencing indicate that in CD the failure of acute inflammation and the clearance of bacteria from the tissues, and from within cells, is defective. The retained faecal products result in the characteristic chronic granulomatous inflammation and adaptive immune response. In this review I will examine the contemporary evidence that has led to this understanding, and look for explanations for the recent dramatic increase in the incidence of this disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5224693 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | F1000Research |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52246932017-01-18 Making sense of the cause of Crohn’s – a new look at an old disease Segal, Anthony W. F1000Res Review The cause of Crohn’s disease (CD) has posed a conundrum for at least a century. A large body of work coupled with recent technological advances in genome research have at last started to provide some of the answers. Initially this review seeks to explain and to differentiate between bowel inflammation in the primary immunodeficiencies that generally lead to very early onset diffuse bowel inflammation in humans and in animal models, and the real syndrome of CD. In the latter, a trigger, almost certainly enteric infection by one of a multitude of organisms, allows the faeces access to the tissues, at which stage the response of individuals predisposed to CD is abnormal. Direct investigation of patients’ inflammatory response together with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and DNA sequencing indicate that in CD the failure of acute inflammation and the clearance of bacteria from the tissues, and from within cells, is defective. The retained faecal products result in the characteristic chronic granulomatous inflammation and adaptive immune response. In this review I will examine the contemporary evidence that has led to this understanding, and look for explanations for the recent dramatic increase in the incidence of this disease. F1000Research 2016-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC5224693/ /pubmed/28105308 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9699.2 Text en Copyright: © 2016 Segal AW http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Segal, Anthony W. Making sense of the cause of Crohn’s – a new look at an old disease |
title | Making sense of the cause of Crohn’s – a new look at an old disease |
title_full | Making sense of the cause of Crohn’s – a new look at an old disease |
title_fullStr | Making sense of the cause of Crohn’s – a new look at an old disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Making sense of the cause of Crohn’s – a new look at an old disease |
title_short | Making sense of the cause of Crohn’s – a new look at an old disease |
title_sort | making sense of the cause of crohn’s – a new look at an old disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5224693/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28105308 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9699.2 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT segalanthonyw makingsenseofthecauseofcrohnsanewlookatanolddisease |