Shear wave elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the diagnosis of thyroid malignant nodules

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of shear wave elastography (SWE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of thyroid malignant nodules. A total of 253 patients with 319 thyroid nodules were subjected to two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) and CEUS examinations prior to thyroidectomy between March, 2014 and December, 2015. Young's modulus value for each nodule on 2DUS and CEUS images were recorded. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 2DUS, SWE and CEUS in the diagnosis of thyroid malignant nodules were assessed. The results demonstrated that, of the 319 nodules that were pathologically confirmed, 183 were malignant and 136 were benign. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve as a result of SWE diagnosis was 0.77. When the threshold of the Young's modulus value was ≥27.65 kPa in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules, SWE exhibited a sensitivity of 84.55% (115/136), a specificity of 84.15% (154/183) and an accuracy of 84.32% (269/319). US contrast imaging of malignant thyroid nodules revealed a major tendency for early hypoenhancement and hypoenhancement. CEUS exhibited a sensitivity of 87.5% (119/136), a specificity of 86.33% (158/183) and an accuracy of 86.83% (277/319) in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules. Compared with 2DUS, SWE, CEUS and their combined use exhibited statistically significant differences in the diagnosis of thyroid malignant nodules in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (χ(2)=9.220,15.310 and 40.296, respectively; P=0.000); SWE or CEUS did not differ significantly in the diagnosis of thyroid malignant nodules in terms of sensitivity, specificity or accuracy (χ(2)=0.737;P=0.542); Compared with the use of SWE or CEUS alone, their combination exhibited statistically significant differences in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (χ(2)=12.264 and 6.939, respectively; P=0.000,0.005). In conclusion, the high accuracy of the combined use of SWE and CEUS in the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules is of great clinical value.