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Potential specific immunological indicators for stroke associated infection are partly modulated by sympathetic pathway activation
BACKGROUND: Evidence has led to the consideration of immunodepression after stroke as an important contributor to stroke associated infection (SAI). However, so far no specific immunological indicator has been identified for SAI, and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. RESULTS: SAI p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Impact Journals LLC
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5239561/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27409177 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.10497 |
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author | Wang, Huan Yan, Fu-Ling Cunningham, Michael Deng, Qi-Wen Zuo, Lei Xing, Fang-Lan Shi, Lu-Hang Hu, Shan-Shan Huang, Ya |
author_facet | Wang, Huan Yan, Fu-Ling Cunningham, Michael Deng, Qi-Wen Zuo, Lei Xing, Fang-Lan Shi, Lu-Hang Hu, Shan-Shan Huang, Ya |
author_sort | Wang, Huan |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Evidence has led to the consideration of immunodepression after stroke as an important contributor to stroke associated infection (SAI). However, so far no specific immunological indicator has been identified for SAI, and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. RESULTS: SAI patients had significantly higher IL-6 and IL-10 levels and lower HLA-DR levels than no-infection patients within 48h after stroke onset. NA significantly increased IL-10 levels, reduced HLA-DR expression, and decreased IL-6 expression by increasing β-arrestin2 expression which reduced the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Propranolol reversed this effect of NA by reducing β-arrestin2 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search for eligible clinical studies was applied to pool the differences in peripheral cytokine levels between infection and no-infection stroke patients. The underlying mechanism behind these differences was investigated in vitro by applying norepinephrine (NA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate sympathetic pathway activation and sepsis respectively in THP-1 cells. Propranolol was applied to determine the effect of reversing the activation of the sympathetic pathway. Immunological indicators were also detected to assess the immune activation of THP-1 cells and measurements of the expression of β-arrestin2, NF-κB, IκBα and phosphor-IκBα were performed to assess the activation of the sympathetic pathway. CONCLUSION: IL-6, IL-10 and HLA-DR are good candidate biomarkers for SAI. The activation of the sympathetic pathway could partly account for the specific immunological alterations found in SAI patients including HLA-DR decrease and IL-10 increase, which both could be reversed by propranolol. However, the mechanism underlying IL-6 increase still needs further exploration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5239561 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Impact Journals LLC |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52395612017-01-24 Potential specific immunological indicators for stroke associated infection are partly modulated by sympathetic pathway activation Wang, Huan Yan, Fu-Ling Cunningham, Michael Deng, Qi-Wen Zuo, Lei Xing, Fang-Lan Shi, Lu-Hang Hu, Shan-Shan Huang, Ya Oncotarget Research Paper BACKGROUND: Evidence has led to the consideration of immunodepression after stroke as an important contributor to stroke associated infection (SAI). However, so far no specific immunological indicator has been identified for SAI, and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. RESULTS: SAI patients had significantly higher IL-6 and IL-10 levels and lower HLA-DR levels than no-infection patients within 48h after stroke onset. NA significantly increased IL-10 levels, reduced HLA-DR expression, and decreased IL-6 expression by increasing β-arrestin2 expression which reduced the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Propranolol reversed this effect of NA by reducing β-arrestin2 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search for eligible clinical studies was applied to pool the differences in peripheral cytokine levels between infection and no-infection stroke patients. The underlying mechanism behind these differences was investigated in vitro by applying norepinephrine (NA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate sympathetic pathway activation and sepsis respectively in THP-1 cells. Propranolol was applied to determine the effect of reversing the activation of the sympathetic pathway. Immunological indicators were also detected to assess the immune activation of THP-1 cells and measurements of the expression of β-arrestin2, NF-κB, IκBα and phosphor-IκBα were performed to assess the activation of the sympathetic pathway. CONCLUSION: IL-6, IL-10 and HLA-DR are good candidate biomarkers for SAI. The activation of the sympathetic pathway could partly account for the specific immunological alterations found in SAI patients including HLA-DR decrease and IL-10 increase, which both could be reversed by propranolol. However, the mechanism underlying IL-6 increase still needs further exploration. Impact Journals LLC 2016-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5239561/ /pubmed/27409177 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.10497 Text en Copyright: © 2016 Wang et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Wang, Huan Yan, Fu-Ling Cunningham, Michael Deng, Qi-Wen Zuo, Lei Xing, Fang-Lan Shi, Lu-Hang Hu, Shan-Shan Huang, Ya Potential specific immunological indicators for stroke associated infection are partly modulated by sympathetic pathway activation |
title | Potential specific immunological indicators for stroke associated infection are partly modulated by sympathetic pathway activation |
title_full | Potential specific immunological indicators for stroke associated infection are partly modulated by sympathetic pathway activation |
title_fullStr | Potential specific immunological indicators for stroke associated infection are partly modulated by sympathetic pathway activation |
title_full_unstemmed | Potential specific immunological indicators for stroke associated infection are partly modulated by sympathetic pathway activation |
title_short | Potential specific immunological indicators for stroke associated infection are partly modulated by sympathetic pathway activation |
title_sort | potential specific immunological indicators for stroke associated infection are partly modulated by sympathetic pathway activation |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5239561/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27409177 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.10497 |
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