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Improving iodine nutritional status and increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the link between excess iodine intake as evidenced by increased urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and autoimmune thyroiditis in children and to assess the correlation between UIE and thyroid microsomal antibody (thyroid peroxidase [TPO]) titers in c...

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Autores principales: Palaniappan, Srinivasan, Shanmughavelu, Lakshmi, Prasad, Hemchand K., Subramaniam, Sundari, Krishnamoorthy, Nedunchezian, Lakkappa, Lakshmi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5240087/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28217504
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.195996
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author Palaniappan, Srinivasan
Shanmughavelu, Lakshmi
Prasad, Hemchand K.
Subramaniam, Sundari
Krishnamoorthy, Nedunchezian
Lakkappa, Lakshmi
author_facet Palaniappan, Srinivasan
Shanmughavelu, Lakshmi
Prasad, Hemchand K.
Subramaniam, Sundari
Krishnamoorthy, Nedunchezian
Lakkappa, Lakshmi
author_sort Palaniappan, Srinivasan
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the link between excess iodine intake as evidenced by increased urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and autoimmune thyroiditis in children and to assess the correlation between UIE and thyroid microsomal antibody (thyroid peroxidase [TPO]) titers in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All children with goiter between age group 6 and 12 years, were subjected to blood tests for free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, and TPO antibody, fine needle aspiration was advised for all children with goiter. Forty-three children with confirmed autoimmune thyroiditis served as cases, and 43 children with euthyroid goiter with workup negative for autoimmune thyroiditis and iodine deficiency were enrolled as controls. UIE was estimated in spot urine sample for both cases and controls. The levels of urinary iodine were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS: The levels of urinary iodine were significantly higher in children with autoimmune thyroiditis as compared with control. There was a positive correlation between UIE and antimicrosomal antibody titers among cases. Among cases 65% children had subclinical hypothyroidism, 27.9% had overt hypothyroidism and 7% of cases, and 100% of controls had euthyroid functional status. Excessive (≥300 μg/L) UIE was strongly associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. If the UIE level is ≥ 300 μg/L, then there is 17.94 times higher chance of having amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis than those who have UIE level < 300 μg/L (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A possible association between increased iodine intake and autoimmune thyroiditis was found in this study. Excessive iodine intake may trigger thyroid autoimmunity and eventually thyroid hypofunction.
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spelling pubmed-52400872017-02-17 Improving iodine nutritional status and increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children Palaniappan, Srinivasan Shanmughavelu, Lakshmi Prasad, Hemchand K. Subramaniam, Sundari Krishnamoorthy, Nedunchezian Lakkappa, Lakshmi Indian J Endocrinol Metab Original Article OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the link between excess iodine intake as evidenced by increased urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and autoimmune thyroiditis in children and to assess the correlation between UIE and thyroid microsomal antibody (thyroid peroxidase [TPO]) titers in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All children with goiter between age group 6 and 12 years, were subjected to blood tests for free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, and TPO antibody, fine needle aspiration was advised for all children with goiter. Forty-three children with confirmed autoimmune thyroiditis served as cases, and 43 children with euthyroid goiter with workup negative for autoimmune thyroiditis and iodine deficiency were enrolled as controls. UIE was estimated in spot urine sample for both cases and controls. The levels of urinary iodine were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS: The levels of urinary iodine were significantly higher in children with autoimmune thyroiditis as compared with control. There was a positive correlation between UIE and antimicrosomal antibody titers among cases. Among cases 65% children had subclinical hypothyroidism, 27.9% had overt hypothyroidism and 7% of cases, and 100% of controls had euthyroid functional status. Excessive (≥300 μg/L) UIE was strongly associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. If the UIE level is ≥ 300 μg/L, then there is 17.94 times higher chance of having amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis than those who have UIE level < 300 μg/L (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A possible association between increased iodine intake and autoimmune thyroiditis was found in this study. Excessive iodine intake may trigger thyroid autoimmunity and eventually thyroid hypofunction. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5240087/ /pubmed/28217504 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.195996 Text en Copyright: © Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Original Article
Palaniappan, Srinivasan
Shanmughavelu, Lakshmi
Prasad, Hemchand K.
Subramaniam, Sundari
Krishnamoorthy, Nedunchezian
Lakkappa, Lakshmi
Improving iodine nutritional status and increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children
title Improving iodine nutritional status and increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children
title_full Improving iodine nutritional status and increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children
title_fullStr Improving iodine nutritional status and increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children
title_full_unstemmed Improving iodine nutritional status and increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children
title_short Improving iodine nutritional status and increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children
title_sort improving iodine nutritional status and increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in children
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5240087/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28217504
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.195996
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