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MLST-Based Population Genetic Analysis in a Global Context Reveals Clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI Isolates from HIV Patients in Southeastern Brazil
Cryptococcosis is an important fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals, especially those infected with HIV. In Brazil, despite the free availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the public health system, the mortality rate due to Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis is still high. To o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5242430/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28099434 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005223 |
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author | Ferreira-Paim, Kennio Andrade-Silva, Leonardo Fonseca, Fernanda M. Ferreira, Thatiana B. Mora, Delio J. Andrade-Silva, Juliana Khan, Aziza Dao, Aiken Reis, Eduardo C. Almeida, Margarete T. G. Maltos, Andre Junior, Virmondes R. Trilles, Luciana Rickerts, Volker Chindamporn, Ariya Sykes, Jane E. Cogliati, Massimo Nielsen, Kirsten Boekhout, Teun Fisher, Matthew Kwon-Chung, June Engelthaler, David M. Lazéra, Marcia Meyer, Wieland Silva-Vergara, Mario L. |
author_facet | Ferreira-Paim, Kennio Andrade-Silva, Leonardo Fonseca, Fernanda M. Ferreira, Thatiana B. Mora, Delio J. Andrade-Silva, Juliana Khan, Aziza Dao, Aiken Reis, Eduardo C. Almeida, Margarete T. G. Maltos, Andre Junior, Virmondes R. Trilles, Luciana Rickerts, Volker Chindamporn, Ariya Sykes, Jane E. Cogliati, Massimo Nielsen, Kirsten Boekhout, Teun Fisher, Matthew Kwon-Chung, June Engelthaler, David M. Lazéra, Marcia Meyer, Wieland Silva-Vergara, Mario L. |
author_sort | Ferreira-Paim, Kennio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cryptococcosis is an important fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals, especially those infected with HIV. In Brazil, despite the free availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the public health system, the mortality rate due to Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis is still high. To obtain a more detailed picture of the population genetic structure of this species in southeast Brazil, we studied 108 clinical isolates from 101 patients and 35 environmental isolates. Among the patients, 59% had a fatal outcome mainly in HIV-positive male patients. All the isolates were found to be C. neoformans var. grubii major molecular type VNI and mating type locus alpha. Twelve were identified as diploid by flow cytometry, being homozygous (AαAα) for the mating type and by PCR screening of the STE20, GPA1, and PAK1 genes. Using the ISHAM consensus multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, 13 sequence types (ST) were identified, with one being newly described. ST93 was identified from 81 (75%) of the clinical isolates, while ST77 and ST93 were identified from 19 (54%) and 10 (29%) environmental isolates, respectively. The southeastern Brazilian isolates had an overwhelming clonal population structure. When compared with populations from different continents based on data extracted from the ISHAM-MLST database (mlst.mycologylab.org) they showed less genetic variability. Two main clusters within C. neoformans var. grubii VNI were identified that diverged from VNB around 0.58 to 4.8 million years ago. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5242430 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52424302017-02-06 MLST-Based Population Genetic Analysis in a Global Context Reveals Clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI Isolates from HIV Patients in Southeastern Brazil Ferreira-Paim, Kennio Andrade-Silva, Leonardo Fonseca, Fernanda M. Ferreira, Thatiana B. Mora, Delio J. Andrade-Silva, Juliana Khan, Aziza Dao, Aiken Reis, Eduardo C. Almeida, Margarete T. G. Maltos, Andre Junior, Virmondes R. Trilles, Luciana Rickerts, Volker Chindamporn, Ariya Sykes, Jane E. Cogliati, Massimo Nielsen, Kirsten Boekhout, Teun Fisher, Matthew Kwon-Chung, June Engelthaler, David M. Lazéra, Marcia Meyer, Wieland Silva-Vergara, Mario L. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article Cryptococcosis is an important fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals, especially those infected with HIV. In Brazil, despite the free availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the public health system, the mortality rate due to Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis is still high. To obtain a more detailed picture of the population genetic structure of this species in southeast Brazil, we studied 108 clinical isolates from 101 patients and 35 environmental isolates. Among the patients, 59% had a fatal outcome mainly in HIV-positive male patients. All the isolates were found to be C. neoformans var. grubii major molecular type VNI and mating type locus alpha. Twelve were identified as diploid by flow cytometry, being homozygous (AαAα) for the mating type and by PCR screening of the STE20, GPA1, and PAK1 genes. Using the ISHAM consensus multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, 13 sequence types (ST) were identified, with one being newly described. ST93 was identified from 81 (75%) of the clinical isolates, while ST77 and ST93 were identified from 19 (54%) and 10 (29%) environmental isolates, respectively. The southeastern Brazilian isolates had an overwhelming clonal population structure. When compared with populations from different continents based on data extracted from the ISHAM-MLST database (mlst.mycologylab.org) they showed less genetic variability. Two main clusters within C. neoformans var. grubii VNI were identified that diverged from VNB around 0.58 to 4.8 million years ago. Public Library of Science 2017-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5242430/ /pubmed/28099434 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005223 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ferreira-Paim, Kennio Andrade-Silva, Leonardo Fonseca, Fernanda M. Ferreira, Thatiana B. Mora, Delio J. Andrade-Silva, Juliana Khan, Aziza Dao, Aiken Reis, Eduardo C. Almeida, Margarete T. G. Maltos, Andre Junior, Virmondes R. Trilles, Luciana Rickerts, Volker Chindamporn, Ariya Sykes, Jane E. Cogliati, Massimo Nielsen, Kirsten Boekhout, Teun Fisher, Matthew Kwon-Chung, June Engelthaler, David M. Lazéra, Marcia Meyer, Wieland Silva-Vergara, Mario L. MLST-Based Population Genetic Analysis in a Global Context Reveals Clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI Isolates from HIV Patients in Southeastern Brazil |
title | MLST-Based Population Genetic Analysis in a Global Context Reveals Clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI Isolates from HIV Patients in Southeastern Brazil |
title_full | MLST-Based Population Genetic Analysis in a Global Context Reveals Clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI Isolates from HIV Patients in Southeastern Brazil |
title_fullStr | MLST-Based Population Genetic Analysis in a Global Context Reveals Clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI Isolates from HIV Patients in Southeastern Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed | MLST-Based Population Genetic Analysis in a Global Context Reveals Clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI Isolates from HIV Patients in Southeastern Brazil |
title_short | MLST-Based Population Genetic Analysis in a Global Context Reveals Clonality amongst Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii VNI Isolates from HIV Patients in Southeastern Brazil |
title_sort | mlst-based population genetic analysis in a global context reveals clonality amongst cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii vni isolates from hiv patients in southeastern brazil |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5242430/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28099434 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005223 |
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