A human microprotein that interacts with the mRNA decapping complex

Proteomic detection of non-annotated microproteins indicates the translation of hundreds of small open reading frames in human cells, but whether these microproteins are functional is unknown. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a 7-kilodalton human microprotein we named non-annotated P-body dissociating polypeptide (NoBody). NoBody interacts with mRNA decapping proteins, which remove the 5’ cap from mRNAs to promote 5’-3’ decay. Decapping proteins participate in mRNA turnover and nonsense mediated decay (NMD). NoBody localizes to mRNA decay-associated RNA-protein granules called P-bodies. Modulation of NoBody levels reveals that its abundance is anti-correlated with cellular P-body numbers and alters the steady-state levels of a cellular NMD substrate. These results implicate NoBody as a novel component of the mRNA decapping complex and demonstrate potential functionality of a newly discovered microprotein.