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Cortical mechanisms for afterimage formation: evidence from interocular grouping

Whether the retinal process alone or retinal and cortical processes jointly determine afterimage (AI) formation has long been debated. Based on the retinal rebound responses, recent work proposes that afterimage signals are exclusively generated in the retina, although later modified by cortical mec...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Dong, Bo, Holm, Linus, Bao, Min
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253736/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28112230
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41101
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author Dong, Bo
Holm, Linus
Bao, Min
author_facet Dong, Bo
Holm, Linus
Bao, Min
author_sort Dong, Bo
collection PubMed
description Whether the retinal process alone or retinal and cortical processes jointly determine afterimage (AI) formation has long been debated. Based on the retinal rebound responses, recent work proposes that afterimage signals are exclusively generated in the retina, although later modified by cortical mechanisms. We tested this notion with the method of “indirect proof”. Each eye was presented with a 2-by-2 checkerboard of horizontal and vertical grating patches. Each corresponding patch of the two checkerboards was perpendicular to each other, which produces binocular rivalry, and can generate percepts ranging from complete interocular grouping to either monocular pattern. The monocular percepts became more frequent with higher contrast. Due to adaptation, the visual system is less sensitive during the AIs than during the inductions with AI-similar contrast. If the retina is the only origin of AIs, comparable contrast appearance would require stronger retinal signals in the AIs than in the inductions, thus leading to more frequent monocular percepts in the AIs than in the inductions. Surprisingly, subjects saw the fully coherent stripes significantly more often in AIs. Our results thus contradict the retinal generation notion, and suggest that in addition to the retina, cortex is directly involved in the generation of AI signals.
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spelling pubmed-52537362017-01-24 Cortical mechanisms for afterimage formation: evidence from interocular grouping Dong, Bo Holm, Linus Bao, Min Sci Rep Article Whether the retinal process alone or retinal and cortical processes jointly determine afterimage (AI) formation has long been debated. Based on the retinal rebound responses, recent work proposes that afterimage signals are exclusively generated in the retina, although later modified by cortical mechanisms. We tested this notion with the method of “indirect proof”. Each eye was presented with a 2-by-2 checkerboard of horizontal and vertical grating patches. Each corresponding patch of the two checkerboards was perpendicular to each other, which produces binocular rivalry, and can generate percepts ranging from complete interocular grouping to either monocular pattern. The monocular percepts became more frequent with higher contrast. Due to adaptation, the visual system is less sensitive during the AIs than during the inductions with AI-similar contrast. If the retina is the only origin of AIs, comparable contrast appearance would require stronger retinal signals in the AIs than in the inductions, thus leading to more frequent monocular percepts in the AIs than in the inductions. Surprisingly, subjects saw the fully coherent stripes significantly more often in AIs. Our results thus contradict the retinal generation notion, and suggest that in addition to the retina, cortex is directly involved in the generation of AI signals. Nature Publishing Group 2017-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC5253736/ /pubmed/28112230 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41101 Text en Copyright © 2017, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Dong, Bo
Holm, Linus
Bao, Min
Cortical mechanisms for afterimage formation: evidence from interocular grouping
title Cortical mechanisms for afterimage formation: evidence from interocular grouping
title_full Cortical mechanisms for afterimage formation: evidence from interocular grouping
title_fullStr Cortical mechanisms for afterimage formation: evidence from interocular grouping
title_full_unstemmed Cortical mechanisms for afterimage formation: evidence from interocular grouping
title_short Cortical mechanisms for afterimage formation: evidence from interocular grouping
title_sort cortical mechanisms for afterimage formation: evidence from interocular grouping
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253736/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28112230
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41101
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