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Mirrored stainless steel substrate provides improved signal for Raman spectroscopy of tissue and cells

Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a powerful technique that permits the non‐destructive chemical analysis of cells and tissues without the need for expensive and complex sample preparation. To date, samples have been routinely mounted onto calcium fluoride (CaF(2)) as this material possesses the desired me...

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Autores principales: Lewis, Aaran T., Gaifulina, Riana, Isabelle, Martin, Dorney, Jennifer, Woods, Mae L., Lloyd, Gavin R., Lau, Katherine, Rodriguez‐Justo, Manuel, Kendall, Catherine, Stone, Nicholas, Thomas, Geraint M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5256423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28163358
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4980
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author Lewis, Aaran T.
Gaifulina, Riana
Isabelle, Martin
Dorney, Jennifer
Woods, Mae L.
Lloyd, Gavin R.
Lau, Katherine
Rodriguez‐Justo, Manuel
Kendall, Catherine
Stone, Nicholas
Thomas, Geraint M.
author_facet Lewis, Aaran T.
Gaifulina, Riana
Isabelle, Martin
Dorney, Jennifer
Woods, Mae L.
Lloyd, Gavin R.
Lau, Katherine
Rodriguez‐Justo, Manuel
Kendall, Catherine
Stone, Nicholas
Thomas, Geraint M.
author_sort Lewis, Aaran T.
collection PubMed
description Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a powerful technique that permits the non‐destructive chemical analysis of cells and tissues without the need for expensive and complex sample preparation. To date, samples have been routinely mounted onto calcium fluoride (CaF(2)) as this material possesses the desired mechanical and optical properties for analysis, but CaF(2) is both expensive and brittle and this prevents the technique from being routinely adopted. Furthermore, Raman scattering is a weak phenomenon and CaF(2) provides no means of increasing signal. For RS to be widely adopted, particularly in the clinical field, it is crucial that spectroscopists identify an alternative, low‐cost substrate capable of providing high spectral signal to noise ratios with good spatial resolution. Results show that these desired properties are attainable when using mirrored stainless steel as a Raman substrate. When compared with CaF(2), data show that stainless steel has a low background signal and provides an average signal increase of 1.43 times during tissue analysis and 1.64 times when analyzing cells. This result is attributed to a double‐pass of the laser beam through the sample where the photons from the source laser and the forward scattered Raman signal are backreflected and retroreflected from the mirrored steel surface and focused towards collection optics. The spatial resolution on stainless steel is at least comparable to that on CaF(2) and it is not compromised by the reflection of the laser. Steel is a fraction of the cost of CaF(2) and the reflection and focusing of photons improve signal to noise ratios permitting more rapid mapping. The low cost of steel coupled with its Raman signal increasing properties and robust durability indicates that steel is an ideal substrate for biological and clinical RS as it possesses key advantages over routinely used CaF(2). © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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spelling pubmed-52564232017-02-03 Mirrored stainless steel substrate provides improved signal for Raman spectroscopy of tissue and cells Lewis, Aaran T. Gaifulina, Riana Isabelle, Martin Dorney, Jennifer Woods, Mae L. Lloyd, Gavin R. Lau, Katherine Rodriguez‐Justo, Manuel Kendall, Catherine Stone, Nicholas Thomas, Geraint M. J Raman Spectrosc Research Articles Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a powerful technique that permits the non‐destructive chemical analysis of cells and tissues without the need for expensive and complex sample preparation. To date, samples have been routinely mounted onto calcium fluoride (CaF(2)) as this material possesses the desired mechanical and optical properties for analysis, but CaF(2) is both expensive and brittle and this prevents the technique from being routinely adopted. Furthermore, Raman scattering is a weak phenomenon and CaF(2) provides no means of increasing signal. For RS to be widely adopted, particularly in the clinical field, it is crucial that spectroscopists identify an alternative, low‐cost substrate capable of providing high spectral signal to noise ratios with good spatial resolution. Results show that these desired properties are attainable when using mirrored stainless steel as a Raman substrate. When compared with CaF(2), data show that stainless steel has a low background signal and provides an average signal increase of 1.43 times during tissue analysis and 1.64 times when analyzing cells. This result is attributed to a double‐pass of the laser beam through the sample where the photons from the source laser and the forward scattered Raman signal are backreflected and retroreflected from the mirrored steel surface and focused towards collection optics. The spatial resolution on stainless steel is at least comparable to that on CaF(2) and it is not compromised by the reflection of the laser. Steel is a fraction of the cost of CaF(2) and the reflection and focusing of photons improve signal to noise ratios permitting more rapid mapping. The low cost of steel coupled with its Raman signal increasing properties and robust durability indicates that steel is an ideal substrate for biological and clinical RS as it possesses key advantages over routinely used CaF(2). © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-07-29 2017-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5256423/ /pubmed/28163358 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4980 Text en © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Lewis, Aaran T.
Gaifulina, Riana
Isabelle, Martin
Dorney, Jennifer
Woods, Mae L.
Lloyd, Gavin R.
Lau, Katherine
Rodriguez‐Justo, Manuel
Kendall, Catherine
Stone, Nicholas
Thomas, Geraint M.
Mirrored stainless steel substrate provides improved signal for Raman spectroscopy of tissue and cells
title Mirrored stainless steel substrate provides improved signal for Raman spectroscopy of tissue and cells
title_full Mirrored stainless steel substrate provides improved signal for Raman spectroscopy of tissue and cells
title_fullStr Mirrored stainless steel substrate provides improved signal for Raman spectroscopy of tissue and cells
title_full_unstemmed Mirrored stainless steel substrate provides improved signal for Raman spectroscopy of tissue and cells
title_short Mirrored stainless steel substrate provides improved signal for Raman spectroscopy of tissue and cells
title_sort mirrored stainless steel substrate provides improved signal for raman spectroscopy of tissue and cells
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5256423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28163358
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4980
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