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Reducing the within-patient variability of breathing for radiotherapy delivery in conscious, unsedated cancer patients using a mechanical ventilator

OBJECTIVE: Variability in the breathing pattern of patients with cancer during radiotherapy requires mitigation, including enlargement of the planned treatment field, treatment gating and breathing guidance interventions. Here, we provide the first demonstration of how easy it is to mechanically ven...

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Autores principales: Parkes, Michael J, Green, Stuart, Stevens, Andrea M, Parveen, Sophia, Stephens, Rebecca, Clutton-Brock, Thomas H
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The British Institute of Radiology. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5258146/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26959610
http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20150741
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author Parkes, Michael J
Green, Stuart
Stevens, Andrea M
Parveen, Sophia
Stephens, Rebecca
Clutton-Brock, Thomas H
author_facet Parkes, Michael J
Green, Stuart
Stevens, Andrea M
Parveen, Sophia
Stephens, Rebecca
Clutton-Brock, Thomas H
author_sort Parkes, Michael J
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Variability in the breathing pattern of patients with cancer during radiotherapy requires mitigation, including enlargement of the planned treatment field, treatment gating and breathing guidance interventions. Here, we provide the first demonstration of how easy it is to mechanically ventilate patients with breast cancer while fully conscious and without sedation, and we quantify the resulting reduction in the variability of breathing. METHODS: 15 patients were trained for mechanical ventilation. Breathing was measured and the left breast anteroposterior displacement was measured using an Osiris surface-image mapping system (Qados Ltd, Sandhurst, UK). RESULTS: Mechanical ventilation significantly reduced the within-breath variability of breathing frequency by 85% (p < 0.0001) and that of inflation volume by 29% (p < 0.006) when compared with their spontaneous breathing pattern. During mechanical ventilation, the mean amplitude of the left breast marker displacement was 5 ± 1 mm, the mean variability in its peak inflation position was 0.5 ± 0.1 mm and that in its trough inflation position was 0.4 ± 0.0 mm. Their mean drifts were not significantly different from 0 mm min(−1) (peak drift was −0.1 ± 0.2 mm min(−1) and trough drift was −0.3 ± 0.2 mm min(−1)). Patients had a normal resting mean systolic blood pressure (131 ± 5 mmHg) and mean heart rate [75 ± 2 beats per minute (bpm)] before mechanical ventilation. During mechanical ventilation, the mean blood pressure did not change significantly, mean heart rate fell by 2 bpm (p < 0.05) with pre-oxygenation and rose by only 4 bpm (p < 0.05) during pre-oxygenation with hypocapnia. No patients reported discomfort and all 15 patients were always willing to return to the laboratory on multiple occasions to continue the study. CONCLUSION: This simple technique for regularizing breathing may have important applications in radiotherapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Variations in the breathing pattern introduce major problems in imaging and radiotherapy planning and delivery and are currently addressed to only a limited extent by asking patients to breathe to auditory or visual guidelines. We provide the first demonstration that a completely different technique, of using a mechanical ventilator to take over the patients' breathing for them, is easy for patients who are conscious and unsedated and reduces the within-patient variability of breathing. This technique has potential advantages in radiotherapy over currently used breathing guidance interventions because it does not require any active participation from or feedback to the patient and is therefore worthy of further clinical evaluation.
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spelling pubmed-52581462017-02-02 Reducing the within-patient variability of breathing for radiotherapy delivery in conscious, unsedated cancer patients using a mechanical ventilator Parkes, Michael J Green, Stuart Stevens, Andrea M Parveen, Sophia Stephens, Rebecca Clutton-Brock, Thomas H Br J Radiol Short Communication OBJECTIVE: Variability in the breathing pattern of patients with cancer during radiotherapy requires mitigation, including enlargement of the planned treatment field, treatment gating and breathing guidance interventions. Here, we provide the first demonstration of how easy it is to mechanically ventilate patients with breast cancer while fully conscious and without sedation, and we quantify the resulting reduction in the variability of breathing. METHODS: 15 patients were trained for mechanical ventilation. Breathing was measured and the left breast anteroposterior displacement was measured using an Osiris surface-image mapping system (Qados Ltd, Sandhurst, UK). RESULTS: Mechanical ventilation significantly reduced the within-breath variability of breathing frequency by 85% (p < 0.0001) and that of inflation volume by 29% (p < 0.006) when compared with their spontaneous breathing pattern. During mechanical ventilation, the mean amplitude of the left breast marker displacement was 5 ± 1 mm, the mean variability in its peak inflation position was 0.5 ± 0.1 mm and that in its trough inflation position was 0.4 ± 0.0 mm. Their mean drifts were not significantly different from 0 mm min(−1) (peak drift was −0.1 ± 0.2 mm min(−1) and trough drift was −0.3 ± 0.2 mm min(−1)). Patients had a normal resting mean systolic blood pressure (131 ± 5 mmHg) and mean heart rate [75 ± 2 beats per minute (bpm)] before mechanical ventilation. During mechanical ventilation, the mean blood pressure did not change significantly, mean heart rate fell by 2 bpm (p < 0.05) with pre-oxygenation and rose by only 4 bpm (p < 0.05) during pre-oxygenation with hypocapnia. No patients reported discomfort and all 15 patients were always willing to return to the laboratory on multiple occasions to continue the study. CONCLUSION: This simple technique for regularizing breathing may have important applications in radiotherapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Variations in the breathing pattern introduce major problems in imaging and radiotherapy planning and delivery and are currently addressed to only a limited extent by asking patients to breathe to auditory or visual guidelines. We provide the first demonstration that a completely different technique, of using a mechanical ventilator to take over the patients' breathing for them, is easy for patients who are conscious and unsedated and reduces the within-patient variability of breathing. This technique has potential advantages in radiotherapy over currently used breathing guidance interventions because it does not require any active participation from or feedback to the patient and is therefore worthy of further clinical evaluation. The British Institute of Radiology. 2016-06 2016-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5258146/ /pubmed/26959610 http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20150741 Text en © 2016 The Authors. Published by the British Institute of Radiology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Short Communication
Parkes, Michael J
Green, Stuart
Stevens, Andrea M
Parveen, Sophia
Stephens, Rebecca
Clutton-Brock, Thomas H
Reducing the within-patient variability of breathing for radiotherapy delivery in conscious, unsedated cancer patients using a mechanical ventilator
title Reducing the within-patient variability of breathing for radiotherapy delivery in conscious, unsedated cancer patients using a mechanical ventilator
title_full Reducing the within-patient variability of breathing for radiotherapy delivery in conscious, unsedated cancer patients using a mechanical ventilator
title_fullStr Reducing the within-patient variability of breathing for radiotherapy delivery in conscious, unsedated cancer patients using a mechanical ventilator
title_full_unstemmed Reducing the within-patient variability of breathing for radiotherapy delivery in conscious, unsedated cancer patients using a mechanical ventilator
title_short Reducing the within-patient variability of breathing for radiotherapy delivery in conscious, unsedated cancer patients using a mechanical ventilator
title_sort reducing the within-patient variability of breathing for radiotherapy delivery in conscious, unsedated cancer patients using a mechanical ventilator
topic Short Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5258146/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26959610
http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20150741
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