Effect of mouth rinsing and ingestion of carbohydrate solutions on mood and perceptual responses during exercise

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether mouth rinsing or ingesting carbohydrate (CHO) solutions impact on perceptual responses during exercise. METHODS: Nine moderately trained male cyclists underwent a 90-min glycogen-reducing exercise, and consumed a low CHO meal, prior to completing an overnight fast. A 1-h cycle time trial was performed the following morning. Four trials, each separated by 7 days, were conducted in a randomized, counterbalanced study design: 15% CHO mouth rinse (CHOR), 7.5% CHO ingestion (CHOI), placebo mouth rinse (PLAR) and placebo ingestion (PLAI). Solution volumes (1.5 ml · kg(−1) ingestion trials and 0.33 ml · kg(−1) rinsing trials) were provided after every 12.5% of completed exercise. Perceptual scales were used to assess affective valence (feeling scale, FS), arousal (felt arousal scale, FAS), exertion (ratings of perceived exertion, RPE) and mood (profile of mood states, POMS) before, during and immediately after exercise. RESULTS: There was no difference in RPE (CHOI, 14.0 ± 1.9; CHOR, 14.2 ± 1.7; PLAI, 14.6 ± 1.8; PLAR, 14.6 ± 2.0; P = 0.35), FS (CHOI, 0.0 ± 1.7; CHOR, −0.2 ± 1.5; PLAI, −0.8 ± 1.4; PLAR, −0.8 ± 1.6; P = 0.15), or FAS (CHOI, 3.6 ± 1.1; CHOR, 3.5 ± 1.0; PLAI, 3.4 ± 1.4; PLAR, 3.3 ± 1.3; P = 0.725) scores between trials. While overall POMS score did not appear to differ between trials, the ‘vigour’ subscale indicated that CHOI may facilitate the maintenance of ‘vigour’ scores over time, in comparison to the steady decline witnessed in other trials (P = 0.04). There was no difference in time trial performance between trials (CHOI, 65.3 ± 4.8 min; CHOR, 68.4 ± 3.9 min; PLAI, 68.7 ± 5.3 min; PLAR, 68.3 ± 5.2 min; P = 0.21) but power output was higher in CHOI (231.0 ± 33.2 W) relative to other trials (221–223.6 W; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In a CHO-reduced state, mouth rinsing with a CHO solution did not impact on perceptual responses during high-intensity exercise in trained cyclists and triathletes. On the other hand CHO ingestion improved perceived ratings of vigour and increased power output during exercise.