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The possible role of the insula in the epilepsy and the gambling disorder of Fyodor Dostoyevsky

BACKGROUND: The retrospective diagnosis of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky’s (1821–1881) neurological and psychiatric disease proves to be particularly interesting. Recent neurobiological data suggest a solution to the questions regarding the writer’s retrospective diagnosis, claiming the insular co...

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Autores principales: Tényi, Dalma, Gyimesi, Csilla, Kovács, Norbert, Tényi, Tamás, Janszky, József
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Akadémiai Kiadó 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5264423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27558486
http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.061
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author Tényi, Dalma
Gyimesi, Csilla
Kovács, Norbert
Tényi, Tamás
Janszky, József
author_facet Tényi, Dalma
Gyimesi, Csilla
Kovács, Norbert
Tényi, Tamás
Janszky, József
author_sort Tényi, Dalma
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The retrospective diagnosis of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky’s (1821–1881) neurological and psychiatric disease proves to be particularly interesting. Recent neurobiological data suggest a solution to the questions regarding the writer’s retrospective diagnosis, claiming the insular cortex to be the origin of the rare ecstatic seizures. Regarding Dostoyevsky’s pathological gambling, this hypothesis is consistent with another finding from recent neuroscience, namely that the malfunction of the insula could be an important underlying pathology in gambling disorder. CASE STUDY: Literary and scientific overview (1928–2015) on the subjects of Dostoyevsky’s epilepsy and gambling disorder. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Taking Dostoyevsky’s neurological (ecstatic seizures) and psychiatric (pathological gambling) disease and the crossroads into consideration, these two disciplines make regarding the underlying pathology, we would like to suggest a speculative theory that these two disorders have a common insular pathomechanism, namely, the malfunctioning of the risk prediction–risk prediction error coding system. Furthermore, based on Dostoyevsky’s case, regarding gambling disorder in general, we would like to hypothesize that the three common gambling-related cognitive distortions (near-miss effect, gambler’s fallacy, and the illusion of control) can be all attributed to the impairment of the anterior insular risk prediction–risk prediction error coding system.
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spelling pubmed-52644232017-02-01 The possible role of the insula in the epilepsy and the gambling disorder of Fyodor Dostoyevsky Tényi, Dalma Gyimesi, Csilla Kovács, Norbert Tényi, Tamás Janszky, József J Behav Addict Case Report BACKGROUND: The retrospective diagnosis of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky’s (1821–1881) neurological and psychiatric disease proves to be particularly interesting. Recent neurobiological data suggest a solution to the questions regarding the writer’s retrospective diagnosis, claiming the insular cortex to be the origin of the rare ecstatic seizures. Regarding Dostoyevsky’s pathological gambling, this hypothesis is consistent with another finding from recent neuroscience, namely that the malfunction of the insula could be an important underlying pathology in gambling disorder. CASE STUDY: Literary and scientific overview (1928–2015) on the subjects of Dostoyevsky’s epilepsy and gambling disorder. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Taking Dostoyevsky’s neurological (ecstatic seizures) and psychiatric (pathological gambling) disease and the crossroads into consideration, these two disciplines make regarding the underlying pathology, we would like to suggest a speculative theory that these two disorders have a common insular pathomechanism, namely, the malfunctioning of the risk prediction–risk prediction error coding system. Furthermore, based on Dostoyevsky’s case, regarding gambling disorder in general, we would like to hypothesize that the three common gambling-related cognitive distortions (near-miss effect, gambler’s fallacy, and the illusion of control) can be all attributed to the impairment of the anterior insular risk prediction–risk prediction error coding system. Akadémiai Kiadó 2016-08-24 2016-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5264423/ /pubmed/27558486 http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.061 Text en © 2016 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Case Report
Tényi, Dalma
Gyimesi, Csilla
Kovács, Norbert
Tényi, Tamás
Janszky, József
The possible role of the insula in the epilepsy and the gambling disorder of Fyodor Dostoyevsky
title The possible role of the insula in the epilepsy and the gambling disorder of Fyodor Dostoyevsky
title_full The possible role of the insula in the epilepsy and the gambling disorder of Fyodor Dostoyevsky
title_fullStr The possible role of the insula in the epilepsy and the gambling disorder of Fyodor Dostoyevsky
title_full_unstemmed The possible role of the insula in the epilepsy and the gambling disorder of Fyodor Dostoyevsky
title_short The possible role of the insula in the epilepsy and the gambling disorder of Fyodor Dostoyevsky
title_sort possible role of the insula in the epilepsy and the gambling disorder of fyodor dostoyevsky
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5264423/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27558486
http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.061
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