Towards an evidence-based model of fear of cancer recurrence for breast cancer survivors

PURPOSE: In order to understand the multidimensional mechanism of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and to identify potential targets for interventions, it is important to empirically test the theoretical model of FCR. This study aims at assessing the validity of Lee-Jones et al.’s FCR model. METHODS: A total of 1205 breast cancer survivors were invited to participate in this study. Participants received a questionnaire booklet including questionnaires on demographics and psychosocial variables including FCR. Data analysis consisted of the estimation of direct and indirect effects in mediator models. RESULTS: A total of 460 women (38 %) participated in the study. Median age was 55.8 years (range 32–87). Indirect effects of external and internal cues via FCR were found for all mediation models with limited planning for the future (R (2) = .28) and body checking (R (2) = .11–.15) as behavioral response variables, with the largest effects for limited planning for the future. A direct relation was found between feeling sick and seeking professional advice, not mediated by FCR. CONCLUSIONS: In the first tested models of FCR, all internal and external cues were associated with higher FCR. In the models with limited planning for the future and body checking as behavioral response, an indirect effect of cues via FCR was found supporting the theoretical model of Lee-Jones et al. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: An evidence-based model of FCR may facilitate the development of appropriate interventions to manage FCR in breast cancer survivors.